简介:ThisstudyinvestigatesclassificationanddiurnalvariationsoftheprecipitationechoesoverthecentralTibetanPlateaubasedontheobservationscollectedfromaC-bandvertically-pointingfrequency-modulatedcontinuous-wave(C-FMCW)radarduringtheThirdTibetanPlateauAtmosphericScientificExperiment(TIPEX-Ⅲ)2014-IntensiveObservationPeriod(2014-IOP).Theresultsshowthat51.32%oftheverticalprofileshavevalidechoeswithreflectivity>-10dBZ,and35.06%ofthevalidechoprofilesproduceprecipitationattheground(precipitationprofiles);stratiformprecipitationwithanevidentbright-bandsignature,weakconvectiveprecipitation,andstrongconvectiveprecipitationaccountfor52.03%,42.98%,and4.99%oftheprecipitationprofiles,respectively.About59.84%oftheprecipitationoccursintheafternoontomidnight,while40.16%oftheprecipitationwithweakerintensityisobservedinthenocturnalhoursandinthemorning.Diurnalvariationofoccurrencefrequencyofprecipitationshowsamajorpeakduring2100-2200LST(localsolartime)with59.02%beingthestratiformprecipitation;thesecondarypeakappearsduring1300-1400LSTwith59.71%beingtheweakconvectiveprecipitation;thestrongconvectiveprecipitationoccursmostly(81.83%)intheafternoonandeveningwithtwopeaksover1200-1300and1700-1800LST,respectively.Startingfromapproximately1100LST,precipitationechoesdevelopwithenhancedverticalairmotion,elevatedechotop,andincreasingradarreflectivity.Intenseupwardairmotionoccursmostfrequentlyin1700-1800LSTwithasecondarypeakin1100-1400LST,whilethetopsofprecipitationechoesandintenseupwardairmotionreachtheirhighestlevelsduring1600-1800LST.Theatmosphericconditionsintheearlymorningaredisadvantageousforconvectiveinitiationanddevelopment.Aroundnoon,theconvectiveavailablepotentialenergy(CAPE)increasesmarkedly,convectiveinhibition(CIN)isgenerallysmall,andasuper-dry-adiabaticlayerispresentnear
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简介:利用化德国家基本气象站1957—2014年逐日地面最低温度资料,以地面最低温度≤0℃为指标,建立了该地历年初霜日期、终霜日期和无霜期序列,分析了近58a的变化特征。结果表明:(1)化德站58a平均终霜日期为5月28日,初霜日期为9月11日,无霜期为105d10(2)近58a终霜日期呈明显的提前变化趋势,平均每10a提前2.5d;而初霜日期变化趋势不显著;无霜期明显延长,平均每10a延长了3.4d10(3)初、终霜日期和无霜期序列的年际波动大,极差为标准差的4~5倍,初霜最早可提前在8月18日出现,终霜最晚可推迟到6月19日结束。该地初、终霜日期和无霜期年际变率大,保证率低,是影响农作物生长的主要因素之一。因此,掌握霜冻发生的气候规律,提高霜冻的预报预测准确率,对于当地政府和相关部门积极采取防御措施,保障农业丰产丰收有着重要意义。