简介：数十年来,经济学家将农业活动和资源开发称之为初级产业.传统的经济理论认为,在初期经济能容纳更多的就业岗位之前,就必须有农业和采矿业的支持.

简介：应建筑师的邀请DA先期作为景观顾问参与了项目的建筑投标工作，并负责其中别墅区总体规划部分的工作。后来的事实表明，景观师的提前参与不仅对于建筑师最后赢得投标大的作用，最终方案最大限度地将景观作为整个规划的核心，并确保了别墅所应具有的私密性。同时，DA所提出的有别于传统别墅区的动线组织，也或为规划的又一亮点。由于在建筑投标中的出色表现，DA不但直接获得了后续的景观设计任务，并使得SOADRI前所未有地对景观师在其项目中的建议重视起来。

简介：Themodernsocio-economicalpolicyoftheRepublicofBelarusaimsatsolvingtheproblemsofsustainablefunctioningofurbanandruralsettlements,andcreationandmaintenanceofahighqualityhousingforthepopulation.Housingconstructionisthemostsociallysignificantandcapital-intensivepartoftheeconomyeverywhere.Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenthehousingsectorandothereconomicspheresbothinurbanandruralsettlements.TheStateimplementsanactivehousingpolicyto:increasethesupplyofhousing,improvehousingquality,meetthestandardsofthe21^stcentury,developaneffectivedemandondwelling,elaborateregulationsforsubsidizinghousingconstructionandsupportregionsmostinneed.ThegeneraldirectionofhousingreformsisthetransitionfromStatehousingtoawellfunctioninghousingmarket.Thispaperwillhighlightmostoftheabovementionedissues.

简介：TheSpanishhousingcooperativesaretemporaryorganizationsaimingatbuildinghomesfortheirmemberswiththehelpofprofessionalagentstoensureapricewhichcoversonlytheactualcosts,withoutanyprofitoftheprivatedevelopmentcompanyand,consequentlyalowerpricethanthemarketprice,andaffordableforthepeople.HousesproducedincooperativeregimeconstituteaconsiderablepartofthesubsidizedhousinginSpain,whicharegradedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheratioofthebeneficiary'sincometotheminimumwage.Theirpercentageintheoverallhousesbuilthasalsobeenincreasinginrecentyears.Thereasonofthegrowthliesnotonlyinitscostefficiencybutalsoinsomeotheradvantagesincludingthesocialcohesionoftheuserswhohaveorganizedthemselvesinthisregime.Theauthorgivesanexampleofthe"L'illa"buildingtodemonstratetheseadvantages.

简介：为实现中有关贫民窟的目标所做的贫民窟与其它城市贫困群体的街区和家庭一级的统计数据工作目前还做的不够.这是由于国家的统计报告对他们从所有城市家庭中收集出来的数据进行了平均化,不考虑家庭的贫富状况取出一个平均数,在贫困程度、教育、健康、就业与人类住区状况等问题上提供单一的测算数据.

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