简介：ThecoreissueforChinatransitiondevelopmentinthenext30yearsistoshiftfromthequantitygrowthmodeltothequalityimprovementmodel.Thepaperintroducestheresearchprogressinthreekeyareasofsustainabledevelopmentstudiessincethe1990s.Itispointedoutthatthereisawell-beingthresh-oldatwhichthemarginutilityofeconomicgrowthforhumanwell-beingwilldecline,thatthereisanecologicallimitbeyondwhichmoreeconomicgrowthintermsofphysicalscalewillbeimpossible,andthatthecreationofhumanwell-beingisrelatednotonlytotheamountbutalsotothestructureandefficiencyofpublicexpenditurefromgovernment.Afteranin-depthdiscussiononfacts,originsandpolicyimplicationsofeachissue,sometheoryandpolicythinkingwithlong-lastingsignificanceareraisedforthetransitiondevelopmentofChina.

简介：Theoverallregionaldevelopmentplanningpatternhasbeenconsideredtobeanewandeffectivepatternasfordevelopmentofprovincialeconomy.ThearticleanalyzedthecurrentconditionsofthewestofShandongProvinceandtriedtofindthegenerationmechanismsofcurrentnon-balancedeconomicdevelopmentofShandongProvince.Andthenapproachestoregionaldevelopmentwereputforwardaccordingtothetheoryofregionaldevelopmentpatternasawhole.

简介：China'snationalsustainabledevelopmentstrategiesweredraftedundertheguidanceofDengXiaoping'stheoryonsocialistconstructionwithChinesedistinguishingfeaturesand,thetheoryandpracticeofsustainabledevelopmenthasfurtherenrichedandperfectedDengXiaoping'stheory.Anin-depthstudyofDengXiaoping'stheoryissignificantifwearetoaccuratelyunderstandoursustainabledevelopmentprogramandhowtobestimplementthestrategies.

简介：Fromaneconomicpointofview,theindustrialecon-omyisefficienttoovercomesituationsofascarcityofgoods.Fromatechnologicalpointofview,theresourceefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocessesoftheindustrialeconomyhasbeenper-manentlyimprovedduringthelast200years.Inaddition,cleanerprocesseshavebeendeveloped.However,fromanecologicpointofview,anincreasingworldpopulationwithincreasingconsump-tionhasproduceda'globalfootprint'whichapproachesthecar-ryingcapacityoftheplanet.Acirculareconomyanditshigh-valuespin-offs-alakeeconomyandaperformanceorfunctionalserviceeconomy-canfulfilcustomers'needswithconsiderablylessresourceconsump-tion,lessenvironmentalimpairmentinproductionandconsidera-blylessend-of-lifeproductwaste,especiallyinsituationsofaf-fluence,whenaconsiderablestockofphysicalgoodsandinfra-structuresexists.Also,insituationsofascarcityofnaturalresources,bothen-ergyandmaterials,oftencharacterisedbyrapidlyrisingresourceprices,theeconomicactorsofacirculareconomyhaveahighcompetitiveadvantageovertheactorsoftheindustrialeconomy,duetomuchlowerprocurementcostsformaterialsandenergy.Fromasocialpointofview,acirculareconomyincreasesthenumberofskilledjobsinregionalenterprises.However,theshiftfromalinearmanufacturingeconomytoacircularorserviceeconomymeansachangeineconomicthinking,fromflow(throughput)managementtostock(asset)management:inamanufacturingeconomywithlargelyunsaturatedmarkets,totalwealthincreasesthroughaccumulationasresourcethrough-put(flow)istransformedintoahigherstockofgoodsofbetterquality(butinamanufacturingeconomywithlargelysaturatedmarkets,wealthrepresentedbythestockofgoodswillnolongerincrease);inacircularorserviceeconomy,totalwealthincreasesthroughasmartmanagementofexistingphysicalassets(stock)thatareadaptedtochangesinbothtechnology

简介：HighpopulationgrowthandcontinuedeconomicdevelopmenthavecausedseriousenvironmentaldamageintheAsiaPacificregion.However,therecentexperienceisthatthepaceofenvironmentaldegradationisfasterindevelopingcountriesthanindevelopedcountries.Tothisend,thestudyseekstoassesstheimpactofpopulationpressureonIndia’senvironment,withparticularreferencetothedegradationofnaturalendowmentslikelandandwaterresourcesandtheresultantenvironmentalpollutioninthesixregionsofIndia.Therapideconomicgrowthandexpansionofinfrastructuredevelopmentinrecentdecadeshavenotcomewithoutseriousenvironmentalconsequencesparticularlyinthesouthern,northern,andwesternregions.Butintheeastern,north-eastern,andcentralregionsofthecountry,environmentaldamagehasbeenmainlyduetorapidpopulationgrowth.

简介：ThroughtheanalysisonChina'seconomicdevelopment,utilizationofresourceenvironmentandsoftpower,abasicjudgmentwasmadeoftheinfluenceof'Chinadevelopment'.TheoverallinfluentialpowerofChinadevelopmentoninternationalcommunitywasmisunderstood.Whatweseeistheroleof'ChinaFactor'indifferentfields.Intheprocessofeconomicglobalization,whateconomicsystemofcapitalistmarkethasseenis'China'scheaplabor','China'slooseeconomicsystemenvironment','earlierabuseofunlimitedresourceenvironment','China'sbroadconsumptionmarket'and'demographicdividend'.InglobalorAsianfinancialcrisis,whatothercountriesvaluedwasChina's'foreigncurrency'accumulatedovertheyears.Inglobalgovernanceorcrisismanagement,whatinternationalcommunityexpectedwas'China'sobligationsandresponsibilities'withouttherightofspeech,etc..Allthesearethe'passive'rolesproducedby'asinglefactor'indefinitefields.TheactiveandinitiativeroleChinawillplayininternationalcommunitystillneedstimeandthecontinuouseffortsofseveralgenerations.Chinaoncewasabigcountrythathadsignificantinfluentialpowerontheworld,andChina'srenaissanceisanormalprocessofdevelopmentofthings.WhatexcessivetalksaboutitsinfluentialpowerreflectmaybethelackofChina'sinfluence.

简介：Manyresearchershaveconcludedthatlongerlifeexpectanciespromptincreasedinvestmentineducation,asaprolongedlaborsupplyraisestherateofreturnoneducation.Besidesexplainingtheempiricalevidencebehindthisconclusion(atanabsolutelevel),thereisanotherissuetobediscussed:doestimespentstudyingandworkingincreaseproportionallywithhigherlongevity?Buildingonanextendedlife-cyclemodel,thispapershowsthatprolongedlifeexpectancywillcauseindividualstoincreasetheirtimeineducationbutmaynotwarrantrisesinlaborinput.Laterweshowthathigherimprovementrateoflongevityratherthaninitiallifeexpectancywillpromoteeconomicgrowth,evenweexcludethemechanismofhumancapitalformation,andonlyconsidergrowtheffectsofhigherimprovementrateoflifeexpectancyfromphysicalcapitalinvestment.

简介：ThereportofChineseCommunistParty’s18thNationalCongressclearlystatedthattheconstructionofecologicalcivilizationneedstojoinhandswiththeoveralllayoutoftheconstructionofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andthegreatestobstacletoachievingecologicalcivilizationistheenergystructureinChina.Currently,thethirdindustrialrevolution—markedbygreentechnologyandcloudcomputingtechnology—ishappening,anditwillhaveahugeimpactonfutureenergydevelopment.Thefundamentalwaytosolvetheproblemofenergyresourceconstraintsisdevelopingtherenewableenergy,andthefundamentalapproachforrenewableenergyisdevelopingdistributedenergyandservices.TheimportantfactorstoachievingChina’senergyproductionandconsumptionrevolutionareacceleratingtheconstructionofdistributedenergysystemandoverallenergystructureadjustmentinChina.

简介：Buildingecocitiesbecomesanobjectiverequirementforsustainabledevelopment.Thisarticlediscussestherelationshipbetweensustainabledevelopmentandsustainableurbandevelopment.Onthebasisofdiscussingthesigificanceofsustainableurbandevelopmentandthatofaneco-cityfromdifferentperspectives,itsuggestsseveralmanagementstrategiesfordevelopinganeco-city,adesirablesustainableurbanmodel.

简介：Thedevelopmentofeverthingfollowsitsownlaw,whichdoesnotchangeatpeople’sownsweetwill.Therefore,wemuststudythedevelopmentofthingssoastograsptheessenceofthingsintheirdeepmeanings,explorethedirectionoftheirde-velopment,andmakethembetterservethepeople.Asapartofthethoughtofsustainabledevelopment,cityenvironmentartwillbeofactivesignificancetotheperfectionofthethoughtandwillalsobetheconcreteembodimentofthesyntheticindexofeconomicdevelopment.Suchathesis,startingfromthemacroscopicangle,andrelyingontheleadingthoughtofsustainabledevelopment,takesholdofthedevelopmenttrendofcityenvironmentart,andexploresthevariousproblemsthathavearisenincityenvironmentintheprocessofcitymanagementbycombiningthoughtsoncityplanning,soastoguideurbanharmoniousdevelopmenttheoretically.Thepresentpaperexpoundsontheviewscomprehensivelyand,throughthesyntheticanalysisoncityplanning,cityenvironment,artestheticsandthethoughtofsustainabledevelopment,makesadetailedanalysisoftheeffectsofthepresentrapidcitydevelopmentoncityenvironment.

简介：Sustainabledevelopment,aconceptwhichhasbeenbuiltwiththesustainabilityofeconomicprogressionasamainthrust,hasbeenawidelypreferredmodeltotraditionaldevelopmentalmodels.However,therealmeaningofwhatsustainabledevelopmentisandshouldincludehasbeenanobjectofdebate.Ontheonehand,differingfromtraditionaleconomicdevelopmentalmodels,economicprogressdoesnotnecessitatethepracticeof‘sustainabledevelopment'.Ontheotherhand,currentlevelsofscienceandtechnologyarestillunabletosolveseveralproblemsthatarisewitheconomicdevelopment.Sustainabledevelopmenthastransferredtheresponsibilityofenvironmentaldestructiontothatofdevelopingcountries.Lastly,insteadofutilizingthebesttechnologyandleadershipintoformulatingexcellentenvironmental-protectionpolicies,itismoreimportanttocreatewidespreadawarenesstothepublicontheneedtoprotecttheenvironmentandtherebyengagetheirparticipationindecision-makingtoactuallyrealizewhatistruly‘sustainabledevelopment'.

简介：Twentyyearsago,theUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopmentwasheldhereinRiodeJaneiro,whichputforwardtheconceptof'sustainabledevelopment',andblueprintedaworldinsustainabledevelopment.The1992RioConferencewasrecordedasahistoricallandmarkevent.

简介：Feedingagrowingpopulationexceeding1billionisabigchallengetotheChinesegovernmentandhaspartlyledtotheself-sufficientpolicyingrainproductionandsupplyfordecades.However,theeffortstopushgrainproductioneverywherehaveresultedinnotonlydeteriorationoftheenvironmentbutalsostagnationorevenreductioninfarmers'incomeasproductioncostscontinuetoincrease.ThissituationmightbeworseningafterChina'saccessiontotheWTOthatprovidesmarketaccessforbulkcommodityimports.AsustainabledevelopmentinChineseagriculturedependsondiversification,orstructuraladjustment,thatallowsChinesefarmerstofullyutilizetheircomparativeadvantageinproductionoflabor-intensivegoods.PastexperiencehasshownthatdiversificationhascontributedmorethanahalfofthegrowthinChineseagricultureduringthereformperiodandreducedstressesontheenvironmentatthesametime.ItislikelytocontributeevenmoretoChineseagricultureinthefuturean

简介：Populationgrowthanddevelopmentpatternshaveasignificantimpactontheenvironmentalperformance.Theissueofconcerniswhetherpopulationgrowthortheconsumption/productionpatternsareresponsibleforenvironmentaldeterioration.Thispaperisanattempttocapturetheimpactoftechnologicaldevelopment,affluence,andpopulationonenvironmentalperformanceindex,whilepreviousstutheshadcapturedtheimpactofthesethreefactorsonenvironmentonlythroughCO2emissions.Theanalysisrevealsthattechnologicaldevelopmentandpopulationsizehaveanegativeimpactonenvironmentalperformance,whereasmeasurestoimproveaffluencehaveapositiveimpact.Technologicaldevelopmenthasincreasedtheproductionofenergyefficientproductsbutatthesametimeconsumptionoftheseproductshasincreasedmanifoldleadingtoenvironmentaldeterioration.Demographicattributesneedspecificattentiontoimproveenvironmentalperformance.Thispaperconcludesonsomepolicyreflectionsonslowingthepopulationgrowthaswellaspersuadesindividualsandeconomiestorelooktotheirconsumptionandproductionpatternsandchannelizetheireffortstoprotecttheenvironment.

简介：ThecurrentstatusofecotourisminruralChinawasanalyzedinthispaper.EmpiricalsurveyscoveringthewholecountryindicatethatecotourisminruralChinahasattractedalargenumberoftouristswho,however,didn’tgeneraterevenuesthatcanmatchthenumber.Althoughtheenvironmentalqualityofthoseruralecotourismdestinationsishighwithlittlenegativeimpacts,severalproblemshavealreadyappeared,suggestinganeedtomonitorthoseareas.Thecurrentpracticeofinterpretationinmostruralecotourismdestinationsdidnotprovideenvironmentaleducationopportunitiestothetourists.Andlocalcommunitiesneedmoreeffectivewaystodecideontheprospectsoflocalecotourismdevelopmentbythemselves.Finally,afewrecommendationsforimprovingthesustainabilityofecotourismdestinationswereprovided.

简介：WesternChinahaslaggedalotintermsofindustrialstructureandeconomicdevelopment,comparedwiththenationalaverage.AndChinaannounceditstargetofCO2emissionreduction,i.e.by2020,CO2emissionperGDPwilldropby40-45%comparedwith2005.ThetargetwillbeincorporatedintoChina’slong-termindustrialplanning.Againstthisbackground,thispaperwillmakeacomprehensiveexaminationoftheindustrialdevelopmentofWesternChina,aimingtodiscoveragreenandcompatibleway.First,weanalyzethespatiotemporalevolutionofregionalindustrialstructurefortheperiod2000-2010.Second,wetrytodiscovertheindustrialstructureoptimizationpathforWesternChinabyemployingtheVectorAutoRegressionmodel.Lastly,wetrytoprovidesomeadviceandsuggestionsforfurtherindustrialdevelopmentinWesternChina.OurexaminationshowsthatfurtherindustrialdevelopmentinWesternChinashouldpayfullattentiontoresourceconservationandrecycling,anddeveloponagreenandcompatiblepath.

简介：AccordingtotheUnitedNationspopulationprojections,thepopulationoftheelderlyisexpectedtoroughlytripleinChinafrom2000to2050,particularlywhenthegenerationswhowerebornbetweenthe1950sand1970smovethroughtheagestructure,andalsobecausepeoplearelivinglongerandfertilityrateshavefallen,populationagingisexpectedtoputpressureongovernment'sfiscalbalancethroughhigherold-agesecuritybenefitsandhealth-careexpenditures.Thisworkdrawstogetherthebroadrangeofelementsinvolvedwithinaconsistentframework,basedonacomputabledynamicgeneralequilibriummodelwithanoverlappinggenerationstructure.Furtheranalysisusingmodelsimulationillustratesthatthealternativeschemesforthebenefitrate,retirementageandtechnologicalprogressarelikelytobebeneficial,andthatanobviousslow-downinthegrowthoflivingstandardsislikelytobeavoided.

简介：ThepresentpaperreviewstheUNimportanteffortstopromoteglobalsustainabledevelopmentinthechronologicalordersinceUNConferenceonHumanEnvironmentin1972,andanalyzestheprogressandgap.TheresultsshowthattheUNsystemhasmadegreateffortsforglobalsustainabledevelopmentsincetheUNConferenceonHumanEnvironment,especiallysinceUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment,promotedtheformationofimportantconsensusandmultilateralinternationalconventionsonmanyfields,boostedthedevelopmentofpartnershipinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment,andacceleratedactionsforsustainabledevelopmentofmanycountriesandregions.However,atpresent,theprogressmadeisstillfarbelowthelevelrequired,prominentlyreflectedintheslowprogresstowardthemillen-niumdevelopmentgoals,thedifficultiesinnegotiationsinthefieldofenvironmentanddevelopment,insufficientfulfillmentofinternationalagreementsandconventions,andundesirableeffectsofpartnershipinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment.Basedonthese,thepaperputsforwardfoursuggestionsforUNConferenceonSustainableDevelopmentin2012(Rio+20):(1)torevitalizethe'spiritofRio'andacceleratetheimplementationofexistingpoliti-calcommitments;(2)tomakenewpoliticalcommitmentsfocusingonclimatechangeandothermajorglobalchallengesundertheRioprinciples;(3)tolayoutablueprintofgreeneconomyundertheRioprinciples;and(4)topromoteSouth-Southcooperationasthefocusofinternationalcooperation.

简介：Contrastwithartificialenvironment,themulti-levelself-organizationalsystemofnaturehasgreatgain.Sustain-ablematerialenvironmentshouldrespectnature:non-rubbishandsuper-cyclequalityofnaturalecosystemoffersthematerialsourceofhumandevelopment,fractalstructureofnatureoffersnewfieldofspaceandinformationsourcetothishigh-densityandinformation-basedsociety,dissipativestructureofnaturelinksthenewsystemofenergywithwholeecosystemorgani-cally,andlife-chainregulationisthebaseofsustainablelifeenvironment.Natureguaranteesthephysicalhealthyenviron-mentbyitsall-dimensionhealthyfactor,constructsthementalhealthyenvironmentbyitsqualityofco-ordinateandchaos,sothatguaranteesthewholeemergenceofsustainabledevelop-mentonthe'super-science'level.Intheviewofsustainabledevelopment,construction,greeneconomyandhumanhealtharebasicfields.Withtheconceptofecosystemregulation,wecanrelatethesefieldsorganicallyandfulfillthetaskofhumanhealth,welfareandsustainabledevelopment.Ecosystemregulationisthebaseofsustainabledevelopment'snewpara-digm.

简介：WiththerapidsocialandeconomicdevelopmentoftheTibetAutonomousRegion,thesituationinregardtoenergysupplyanddemandisincreasinglytense.Meanwhile,thedevelopmentofrenewableenergyinTibethasbeengivenconsiderablepracticalsignificancebyitspeculiarecologicalenvironment.GiventhecomplementarityofrenewableenergiesinTibet,usingthemethodoffactoranalysis,wederivedfourmajorfactors:levelofeconomicdevelopment,socialdevelopment,industrialdevelopment,andenergyendowment,whichhelptoevaluatedevelopmentconditionsindifferentregionsofTibet.Treatingthesefourfactorsequally,weusedthehierarchicalclusteringmethodtodeterminetheorderofregionaldevelopment.Thusweacquireathree-stageplanningprojectforrenewableenergy.Inthefirststage,Lhasaplaysaleadingroleinpromotingthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy,particularlythatbasedonsolarandwindenergy.Therearetwophasesinthesecondstage,thefirstbeingtosimultaneouslydevelopsolarandwindenergyinXigazeandNyingchi.ThesecondistodevelopsolarandwindenergyinaccordancewiththetimeofyearinQamdo,Nagqu,andAli,with1.145billionkWhelectricitytobegenerated.ThethirdstageistodevelopenergyproductioninLhokaPrefecture,with1.369billionkWhelectricitytobegenerated.Attheendofthethree-stageproject,consumptionofavailableelectricitywillhavereached4.045billionkwh,withmajorsocialandeconomicbenefits.