简介:Groundwaterisastrategicresourceduetoitsusuallyhighqualityandperennialavailability.However,groundwatermanagementallovertheworldoftenlackssustainabilityasevidencedbyfallingwatertables,dryingwetlands,increasingsea-waterintrusionandgeneraldeteriorationofwaterquality.Asgroundwatercannotberenewedartificiallyonalargescale,sustainablemanagementofthisresourceisvital.Anumberofscientifictoolsareavailabletoassistinhistask.Threeitemsarediscussedhere.Theyincludemethodsforthedeterminationofgroundwaterrecharge,groundwatermodelingincludingtheestimationofitsuncertainty,andthenterfacingtothesocio-economicfield.Generallythequalityofwatermanagementworkcanbelargelyenhancedwithnewtoolsavailable,includingremotesensing,digitalterrainmodels,differentialGPS,environmentaltracers,automaticdatacollection,modelingandthecouplingofmodelsfromdifferentdisciplines
简介:TheSongkeNo.2well(easternhole)(referredtoasWellSK-2),oneofthe"twowellsandfourholes"oftheDeepContinentalScientificDrillingEngineeringProjectintheSongliaoBasin,isinAndaCity,HeilongjiangProvince,andwasofficiallycompletedonMay26,2018.TliescientificgoalsofWellSK-2coverfouraspects:paleoclimateresearch,resourceandenergyexploration,primarygeologicalresearch,anddevelopmentofdeepearthexplorationtechniques.Sincetheofficialcommencementofdrillingin2014,theWellSK-2scientificdrillingengineeringteamhasorganizedandimplementeddrillingforcoring,insitulogging,chemicalanalysisofcoreelements,anddeepstructuralexplorationaroundthewell.Currently,thefollowingpreliminaryscientificresearchprogresshasbeenmade:4334.81minsitucoredatahasbeenobtained;thecentimeter-levelhigh-resolutioncharacterizationofthemostcompleteandcontinuousCretaceouscontinentalstrataeverunearthedhasbeencompleted,andthestandardprofileofcontinentalstratahasbeeninitiallyestablished;theunconventionalnaturalgasresourcesandbasin-typehotdryrocksinthedeepSongliaoBasinwerefoundtohavegoodprospectsforexplorationanddevelopment;theclimaticevolutionaryhistoryoftheCretaceouscontinentalstratawasrebuiltforthefirsttime,coveringhundredsofthousandstomillionsofyears,andthemajoreventsofCretaceousclimatefluctuationshavebeendiscovered;alltheserevealstrongevidenceforthesubductionandaggregationofpaleo-oceanplates,providingatheoreticalbasisforthere-recognitionofthegenesisoftheSongliaoBasinandfordeepearthoilandgasexploration.TheimplementationoftheDeepContinentalScientificDrillingEngineeringProjectintheSongliaoBasinisofgreatsignificanceforexploringthemysteriesoftheEarthandsolvingmajorproblemssuchasthoserelatedtothedeepenergyenvironment.Itisasolidstepalongtheroadof"goingdeepintotheEarth".