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简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)isanewtechnologyusedforDNAandRNAsequencingandvariant/mutationdetection.NGScansequencehundredsandthousandsofgenesorwholegenomeinashortperiodoftime.Thesequencevariants/mutationsdetectedbyNGShavebeenwidelyusedfordiseasediagnosis,prognosis,therapeuticdecision,andfollowupofpatients.Thecapacityofitsmassiveparallelsequencingoffersnewopportunitiesforpersonalizedprecisionmedicine.

简介：Inthispaperourstudiesaboutthesequentialtestingprogramforpredictingandidentificatingcarcinogens,sequentialdiscriminantmethodandcost-effectivenessanalysisaresummarized.Theanalysisofourdatabaseofcarcinogenicltyandgenotoxicityofchemicalsdemonstratestheuncertainty.ofshort-termtests(STTs)topredictcarcinogensandtheresultsofmostroutineSTTsarestatisticallydependent.WerecommendthesequentialtestingprogramcombiningSTTsandcarclnogenicityassay,theoptimalSTTbatteries,therulesofthesequentialdiscriminationandthepreferalchoicesofSTTstorspecificchemicalclass.Forillustrativepmposesthecarclnogenicitypredictionofseveralsamplechamicalsispresented.Theresultsofcost-effectivenessanalysissuggestthatthisprogramhasvastsocial-economiceffectiveness.

简介：Objective:Toanalyzequantitativelythesynergisticandantagonisticeffectsofcombinedoxymatrine(OMT)and5-fluorouracil(5-GU)onacelllineofhumanlivercancer(HepG2)withmedian-effectprincipleinvitro.Methods:Themedian-effectprincipleandMTTmethodwereusedinthequantitativeanalysisofeffectsofthetwodrugs.Results:Cytotoxicactivityoftheindividualdrugsenhancedasdrugconcentrationincreased.Asfa=0.41,aCIequalto1indicatedadditivity;fa<0.41,aCIlessthan1indicatedsynergy;andfa>0.41,aCIgreaterthan1indicatedantagonism.Thesequenceofadministrationdidnotinfluencethecytotoxicactivityofthecombinedantitumordrugs.Theratioofdrugconcentrationwasafactorthatcaninfluencethekillingeffect.Conclusion:Thecombineddrugsinteraction(CI<1)wassynergisticatlowerconcentrationandantagonisticathigherconcentration.Theratioofdrugconcentrationisafactorthatcaninfluencethekillingeffect.

简介：Three-dimensional(3D)printing(3DP)isarapidprototypingtechnologythathasgainedincreasingrecognitioninmanydifferentfields.Inherentaccuracyandlow-costpropertyenableapplicabilityof3DPinmanyareas,suchasmanufacturing,aerospace,medical,andindustrialdesign.Recently,3DPhasgainedconsiderableattentioninthemedicalfield.Theimagedatacanbequicklyturnedintophysicalobjectsbyusing3DPtechnology.Theseobjectsarebeingusedacrossavarietyofsurgicalspecialties.Theshortageofcadaverspecimensisamajorprobleminmedicaleducation.However,thisconcernhasbeensolvedwiththeemergenceof3DPmodel.Custom-madeitemscanbeproducedbyusing3DPtechnology.Thisinnovationallows3DPuseinpreoperativeplanningandsurgicaltraining.Learningisdifficultamongmedicalstudentsbecauseofthecomplexanatomicalstructuresoftheliver.Thus,3Dvisualizationisausefultoolinanatomyteachingandhepaticsurgicaltraining.However,conventionalmodelsdonotcapturehapticqualities.3DPcanproducehighlyaccurateandcomplexphysicalmodels.Manytypesofhumanoranimaldifferentiatedcellscanbeprintedsuccessfullywiththedevelopmentof3Dbio-printingtechnology.Thisprogressrepresentsavaluablebreakthroughthatexhibitsmanypotentialuses,suchasresearchondrugmetabolismorliverdiseasemechanism.Thistechnologycanalsobeusedtosolveshortageoforgansfortransplantinthefuture.

简介：Inourreport,thevaluesofwholebloodserotonin(5-HT)in87apudomapatients(diagnosedbyoperationandpathology)weresummarized.Amongthem,thelevelsofurinary5-hydroxyindole-3-aceticacid(5-HIAA)of44patientswerealsotested.Theresultsshowedthatbothparametresofapudomapatientswerehigherthanthoseofnon-apudoma,post-operativepatientsofapudomaaswellasthenormal.Theincreasingextentofthelevelsofwholeblood5-HTandurinary5-HIAAinsmallintestinalcarcihoidwasthemostobviousonebutthatofrectumwasnot.Thereferablediagnosticvaluessuggestedwere:5-HT>130ngml,5-HIAA>30mg/24hours.

简介：Inrecentyears,theclinicalincidenceofthyroidcancerhasbeenincreasingyearbyyear,anditsriskassessmentandclinicalmanagementmethodshavealsobeenaccordinglymodifiedandconstantlyimproved.TherearegreatdifferencesbetweentheclinicaldiagnosticandtherapeuticmodesanddiseasemanagementofthyroidcanceremployedbyvariousmedicalinstitutionsinChina,particularlywithregardtotheclinicalapplicationofserummarkerofthyroidcancer.Tothisend,theChinaAnti-CancerAssociationThyroidCancerSpecializedCommitteeChineseAssociationofThyroidOncologyorganizedthiscompilationofExpertConsensusonClinicalApplicationofSerumMarkerofThyroidCancertohelpandimpelrelevantclinicalinstitutionsandprofessionalstostandardizeclinicaldiagnosis,treatment,andlong-termmanagementofthyroidcancer,andtoproperlyutilizetheserummarkerforscientificauxiliaryclinicaldiagnosisandassessmentofthyroidcancerbeforeandafteroperation.

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheshort-termoutcomesofvideo-assistedthoracicsurgery(VATS)forthoracictumors.Methods:Thedataof1,790consecutivepatientswereretrospectivelyreviewed.ThesepatientsunderwentVATSpulmonaryresections,VATSesophagectomies,andVATSresectionsofmediastinaltumorsorbiopsiesattheCancerInstitute&Hospital,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesbetweenJanuary2009andJanuary2012.Results:Therewere33patientsconvertedtoopenthoracotomy(OT,1.84%).Theoverallmorbidityandmortalityratewas2.79%(50/1790)and0.28%(5/1790),respectively.TheoverallhospitalizationandchesttubedurationwereshorterintheVATSlobectomygroup(n=949)thanintheopenthoracotomy(OT)lobectomygroup(n=753).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesinmorbidityrate,mortalityrateandoperationtimebetweenthetwogroups.Intheesophagealcancerpatients,nosignificantdifferencewasfoundinthenumberofnodaldissection,chesttubeduration,morbidityrate,mortalityrate,andhospitallengthofstaybetweentheVATSesophagectomygroup(n=81)andopenesophagectomygroup(n=81).However,theoperationtimewaslongerintheVATSesophagectomygroup.Inthethymomapatients,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinthechesttubeduration,morbidityrate,mortalityrate,andhospitallengthofstaybetweentheVATSthymectomygroup(n=41)andopenthymectomygroup(n=41).However,theoperationtimewaslongerintheVATSgroup.ThemediantumorsizeintheVATSthymectomygroupwascomparablewiththatintheOTgroup.Conclusions:Inearly-stage(I/II)non-smallcelllungcancerpatientswhounderwentlobectomies,VATSiscomparablewiththeOTapproachwithsimilarshort-termoutcomes.Inpatientswithresectableesophagealcancer,VATSesophagectomyiscomparablewithOTesophagectomywithsimilarmorbidityandmortality.VATSthymectomyforMasaokastageIandIIthymomaisfeasibleandsafe,andtumorsizeisnotcontraindicated.Longerfollow-upsareneededtodete

简介：Objective:ThisstudyaimstoestablishamethodforhighlyparallelmultiplexeddetectionofgeneticmutationsinChineselungcancersamplesthroughAgenaiPLEXchemistryandmatrix-assistedlaserdesorptionionizationtime-of-flightanalysisonMassARRAYmassspectrometryplatform.Methods:Wereviewedtherelatedliteratureanddataonlungcancertreatments.Wealsoidentified99mutationhotspotsin13targetgenescloselyrelatedtothepathogenesis,drugresistance,andmetastasisoflungcancer.Atotalof297primers,composedof99pairedforwardandreverseamplificationprimersand99matchedextensionprimers,weredesignedusingAssayDesignsoftware.Thedetectionmethodwasestablishedbyanalyzingeightcelllinesandsixlungcancerspecimens.TheproposedmethodwasthenvalidatedthroughcomparisonsbyusingaLungCarta~(TM)kit.ThesensitivityandspecificityoftheproposedmethodwereevaluatedbydirectlysequencingEGFRandKRASgenesin100lungcancercases.Results:Theproposedmethodwasabletodetectmultiplexgeneticmutationsinlungcancercelllines.Thisfindingwasconsistentwiththeobservationsonpreviouslyreportedmutations.Theproposedmethodcanalsodetectsuchmutationsinclinicallungcancerspecimens.ThisresultwasconsistentwiththeobservationswithLungCarta~(TM)kit.However,anFGFR2mutationwasdetectedonlythroughtheproposedmethod.Themeasuredsensitivityandspecificitywere100%and96.3%,respectively.Conclusions:TheproposedMassARRAYtechnology-basedmultiplexmethodcandetectgeneticmutationsinChineselungcancerpatients.Therefore,theproposedmethodcanbeappliedtodetectmutationsinothercancertissues.

简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)technologyiscapableofsequencingmillionsorbillionsofDNAmoleculessimultaneously.Therefore,itrepresentsapromisingtoolfortheanalysisofmoleculartargetsfortheinitialdiagnosisofdisease,monitoringofdiseaseprogression,andidentifyingthemechanismofdrugresistance.OnbehalfoftheTumorBiomarkerCommitteeoftheChineseSocietyofClinicalOncology(CSCO)andtheChinaActionableGenomeConsortium(CAGC),thepresentexpertgroupherebyproposesadvisoryguidelinesonclinicalapplicationsofNGStechnologyfortheanalysisofcancerdrivergenesforprecisioncancertherapy.Thisgroupcomprisesanassemblyoflaboratorycancergeneticists,clinicaloncologists,bioinformaticians,pathologists,andotherprofessionals.Aftermultipleroundsofdiscussionsandrevisions,theexpertgrouphasreachedapreliminaryconsensusontheneedofNGSinclinicaldiagnosis,itsregulation,andcompliancestandardsinclinicalsamplecollection.Moreover,ithaspreparedNGScriteria,thesequencingstandardoperationprocedure(SOP),dataanalysis,report,andNGSplatformcertificationandvalidation.