简介：植物在最佳的季节的条件下面有花的一个能力保证繁殖成功。光周期和温度是植物flowering的二个重要季节依赖者因素。植物的花的转变在光周期和温度取决于变化的精确测量。在Arabidopsis和米饭上的分子的生物学和遗传的最近的进展表明由光周期和温度的植物flowering的规定与不同规章的小径涉及一个复杂基因网络，并且新证据和理解在米饭flowering的规定被提供。这里，我们总结并且分析不同flowering规章的小径详细在米饭基于以前的研究和我们的结果包括短天的提升，长天的抑制，flowering的长天的正式就职，夜里裂缝，不同轻质量并且温度规定小径。

简介：Moreaccurateestimationofcropevapotranspiration(ETc)inaregionalscalehasalwaysbeenoneofthemostimportantchallenges.TemporalandspatialmonitoringofETcusingsatelliteimagescanhelptoenhanceaccuracyofestimations.Inthisstudy,the(ETc)ricemapswereproducedbyusingstatistical/experimentalmethodsbasedoncropcoefficient(Kc)mapsderivedfromvegetationindex(VI).Kcwasestimatedusingfourmethods,includinglinearrelationshipbetweenKcandVI(Kc-VI),calibratedmodelofKc-VI,linearrelationshipbetweenKcb(thebasalcropcoefficient)andVI(Kcb-VI),andcalibratedmodelofKcb-VI.TheresultsshowedthatcalibratedmodelofKc-VIhadabetterperformancecomparedtotheothermethods,withnormalizedrootmeansquareerrors(NRMSE),meanabsoluteerrorandrootmeansquareerrorbeing5.7%,0.05mm/dand0.06mm/d,respectively.(ETc)ricemapswereproducedbyusingcalibratedmodelofKc-VIandreferenceevapotranspiration(ET0)fromFAOPenman-Monteithmethod.TheNRMSEwas21.3%forusingFAOPenman-Monteithmethod.Therefore,calibratedKc-VImodelincombiningwithET0basedontheLandsat7ETM+imagescouldbeprovidedagoodestimationof(ETc)riceinregionalscale,andcanbeappliedtoestimatewaterrequirementduetothefreeandfacilitateaccess.