简介：Thenumberoftropicalcyclone(TC)genesisovertheSouthChinaSeaandtheNorthwestPacificOceanin2009issignificantlylessthantheaverage(27.4).However,thenumberoflandfallTCovermainlandChinaanditsassociatedrainfallismorethantheaverage.Thispaperfocusesontheperformanceofnumericalweatherprediction(NWP)oflandfallTCprecipitationoverChinain2009.TheChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA)andJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)modelsarecompared.Althoughtheschemesofphysicalprocesses,thedataassimilationsystemandthedynamicframeareentirelydifferentforthetwomodels,theresultsofforecastverificationaresimilartoeachotherforTCrainfallandtrackexceptforTCGoni.Inthispaper,adaywithdailyrainfallamountgreaterthan50mmwasselectedasastormraindaywhentherewasaTCaffectingthemainland.Thereare32stormraindaysrelatedtothelandingoftyphoonsandtropicaldepressions.TherainfallforecastverificationmethodsofNationalMeteorologicalCentre(NMC)ofCMAareselectedtoverifythemodels’rainfallforecast.ObservationalprecipitationanalysesrelatedtoTCsin2009indicateaU-shapespatialdistributioninChina.Itisfoundthattherainbeltforecastedbythetwomodelswithin60hoursshowsgoodagreementwithobservations,bothinthelocationandthemaximumrainfallcenter.Beyond3days,theforecastedrainfallbeltshiftsnorthwardonaverage,andtherainfallamountofthemodelforecastsbecomesunder-predicted.TherainfallintensityofCMAmodelforecastismorereasonablethanthatofJMAmodel.Forheavyrain,theJMAmodelmademoremissingforecasts.TheTCrainfallisverifiedinGuangdong,Guangxi,FujianandHainanwhererainfallamountrelatedtoTCsisrelativelylargerthaninotherregions.TheresultsindicatethatthemodelforecastforGuangdongandGuangxiismoreskillfulthanthatforHainan.TherainfallforecastforHainanremainsdifficultforthemodelsbecauseofinsufficientobse

简介：WiththeERA40reanalysisdailydatafor1958-2001,theglobalatmosphericseasonal-meandiabaticheatingandtransientheatingarecomputedbyusingtheresidualdiagnosisofthethermodynamicequation.Thethree-dimensionalstructuresforthetwotypesofheatingaredescribedandcompared.Itisdemonstratedthatthediabaticheatingisbasicallycharacterizedbystronganddeepconvectiveheatinginthetropics,shallowheatinginthemidlatitudesanddeepcoolinginthesubtropicsandhigh-latitudes.Thetropicaldiabaticheatingalwaysshiftstowardsthesummerhemisphere,butthemidlatitudeheatingandhigh-latitudecoolingtendtobestronginthewinterhemisphere.Ontheotherhand,thetransientheatingduetotransienteddytransferischaracterizedbyameridionaldipolepatternwithcoolinginthesubtropicsandheatinginthemid-andhigh-latitudes,aswellasbyaverticaldipolepatterninthemidlatitudeswithcoolingatlowerlevelsandheatinginthemid-andhigher-levels,whichgivesrisetoaslopedstructureinthetransientheatingorientedfromthelowerlevelsinthehighlatitudesandhigherlevelsinthemidlatitudes.Thetransientheatingiscloselyrelatedtoastormtrackalongwhichthetransienteddyactivityismuchstrongerinthewinterhemispherethaninthesummerhemisphere.InNorthernHemisphere,thetransientheatinglocatesinthewesternoceanicbasin,whileitiszonally-orientedinSouthernHemisphere,forwhichthetransientheatingandcoolingarefarseparatedoverSouthPacificduringthecoldseason.Thetransientheatingtendstocancelthediabaticheatingovermostoftheglobe.However,itdominatesthemid-troposphericheatinginthemidlatitudes.Therefore,theatmospherictransientprocessesacttohelptheatmospheregainmoreheatinthehigh-latitudesandinthemid-troposphereofmidlatitudes,reallocatingtheatmosphericheatobtainedfromthediabaticheating.

简介：介绍了GlobalMapper中投影/坐标系统的定义方法,以MicroStationDGN格式数字地图坐标系统转换为例,给出了利用GlobalMapper实现数字地图坐标系统转换的方法和步骤,并对转换结果进行了分析。

简介：Euphausiapacificisanimportantsourceofnaturalastaxanthin.StudieswerecarriedouttoassesstheextractabilityofastaxanthinfromE.pacificusingsubcritical1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane(R134a).Toexaminetheeffectsofmultipleprocessvariablesontheextractionyield,astaxanthinwasextractedundervariousconditionsofpressure(30-150bar),temperature(303-343K),time(10-50min),flowrate(2-10gmin-1),moisturecontent(5.5%-63.61%),andparticlesize(0.25-0.109mm).Theresultsshowedthattheextractionyieldincreasedwithtemperature,pressure,timeandflowrate,butdecreasedwithmoisturecontentandparticlesize.Amaximumyieldof87.74%wasobtainedunderconditionsof100bar,333K,and30minwithaflowrateof6gmin-1andamoisturecontentof5.5%.Thesubstantialastaxanthinyieldobtainedunderlow-pressureconditionsdemonstratesthatsubcriticalR134aisagoodalternativetoCO2forextractionofastaxanthinfromE.pacific.

简介：GM（1,1）具有要求样本数据少,运算方便,短期预测精度高等优点,因此而得到广泛应用;但它也存在一定的局限性,其主要适用于单一的指数增长的模型,对序列数据出现异常情况很难预测。为了改善这一局限性,将其与多项式拟合进行组合,通过实例分析证明组合模型比单一模型拟合精度更高,达到比较好的效果。

简介：一、引言在河南省第二轮1：l万DLG地形图更新中，依照河南省测绘局的要求，各作业单位统一采用了Mapstar软件作为基本操作软件。该软件可满足出图和入库的双重要求，

简介：S变换，它是为它的本地人知道的一个时间频率代表光谱在信号处理的阶段性质，特别地联合小浪变换和短时间的Fourier变换(STFT)的元素。部分Fourier变换是为非静止的信号分析的一个工具。在这份报纸，我们定义一个信号的部分S变换(FRST)的概念，基于部分Fourier变换(FRFT)和S变换(圣)的想法，从时间频率领域扩大S变换到时间部分的频率领域获得反的变换，并且学习FRST数学性质。FRST，有FRFT和圣的优点，能提高ST灵活性处理信号。比作S变换，FRST能有效地改进信号时间频率分辨率能力。模拟结果证明建议方法是有效的。

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简介：软地层取心收获率低是目前钻井行业面临的一个技术难题和挑战。本文结合现场经验,分析了影响取心收获率的因素,并针对其主要原因,总结出了一套取心技术措施。在J10—XJ1井的取心过程中,严格实施此套技术措施,未发生复杂情况和事故,岩心收获率达81%,远远高于国家石油行业标准,对今后软地层取心具有重要的指导性意义。

简介：TheElNino-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)ismodulatedbymanyfactors;mostpreviousstudieshaveemphasizedtherolesofwindstressandheatfluxinthetropicalPacific.Freshwaterflux(FWF)isanotherenvironmentalforcingtotheocean;itseffectandtherelatedoceansalinityvariabilityintheENSOregionhavebeenofincreasedinterestrecently.Currently,accuratequantificationsoftheFWFrolesintheclimateremainchallenging;therelatedobservationsandcoupledocean-atmospheremodelinginvolvelargeelementsofuncertainty.Inthisstudy,weutilizedsatellite-baseddatatorepresentFWF-inducedfeedbackinthetropicalPacificclimatesystem;wethenincorporatedthesedataintoahybridcoupledocean-atmospheremodel(HCM)toquantifyitseffectsonENSO.AnewmechanismwasrevealedbywhichinterannualFWFforcingmodulatesENSOinasignificantway.Asadirectforcing,FWFexertsasignificantinfluenceontheoceanthroughseasurfacesalinity(SSS)andbuoyancyflux(QB)inthewestern-centraltropicalPacific.TheSSSperturbationsdirectlyinducedbyENSO-relatedinterannualFWFvariabilityaffectthestabilityandmixingintheupperocean.Atthesametime,theENSO-inducedFWFhasacompensatingeffectonheatflux,actingtoreduceinterannualQBvariabilityduringENSOcycles.TheseFWF-inducedprocessesintheoceantendtomodulatetheverticalmixingandentrainmentintheupperocean,enhancingcoolingduringLaNinaandenhancingwarmingduringElNino,respectively.TheinterannualFWFforcing-inducedpositivefeedbackactstoenhanceENSOamplitudeandlengthenitstimescalesinthetropicalPacificcoupledclimatesystem.

简介：简述了雨量传感器工作原理，维护过程中的注意事项，以及常见故障排除。

简介：全国第二次土地调查于2007年下半年启动，2009年完成，安徽省于2008年4月率先启动了芜湖县的试点工作，并自行购买了ALOS1B1级数据制作DOM，套合上矢量的原始土地利用现状图，以便于外业调绘的全面开展。下面，是笔者对利用ALOS1B1级数据制作正射影像图以及外业调绘用图的方法进行了探讨，研究发现，此方法易于

简介：Basedondatacollectedfromatemporalseismicnetwork,andinadditiontothedatafromsomenearbypermanentstations,weinvestigatethevelocitystructureandseismicityintheRongchanggasfield,wheresignificantinjection-inducedseismicityhasbeenidentified.First,weusereceiverfunctionsfromdistantearthquakestoinvertdetailed1-Dvelocitystructuresbeneathtypicalstations.Then,weusethedouble-differencehypocenterlocationmethodtore-locateearthquakesofthe2010ML5.1earthquakesequencethatoccurredintheregion.There-locatedhypocentersshowthatthe2010ML5.1earthquakesequencewasdistributedinasmallareasurroundingmajorinjectionwellsandclusteredmostlyalongpre-existingfaults.Majorearthquakesshowafocaldepthlessthan5kmwithadominantdepthof～2km,adepthofmajorreservoirsandinjectionwells.Wethusconcludethatthe2010ML5.1earthquakesequencemighthavebeeninducedbythedeepwellinjectionofunwantedwateratadepth～3kmintheRongchanggasfield.

简介：利用各县（市、区）提供的1：5万土地利用现状图，经综合取舍、图像跟踪、矢量数据处理与图面编辑，进而得到1：10万土地利用现状图。苓文分步骤介绍基于二调的1：10万比例尺市级土地利用现状图的制作流程与注意事项。

简介：统计分析九江1井2008--2011年水位、水温在多次大震中的同震响应特征，结果显示：水位通常表现为在正常背景下振荡，水温则通常表现为突降后恢复正常，水位和水温对远场大震的同震响应存在着一致性。同时，九江1井水位对地震的同震响应灵敏性优于同井水温观测，但水位观测受降雨影响．且气压效应明显。

简介：根据GFE（L）1型二次测风雷达测角分系统的工作原理和故障诊断时应遵循的逻辑关系,将其功能电路归纳成相对独立的6个单元电路。按控制信号流程与单元电路的关系列出故障分析步骤,结合各单元电路关键点参数,能较快地定位故障元件。最后,列举了典型的故障实例,并介绍了维修方法和建议。

简介：6月12日-15日，中国地质调查局王学龙副局长一行在宁夏进行了为期4天的水文地质工作调研。王学龙副局长首先在银川听取了自治区国土资源厅、地矿局和中国地质调查局水环地调中心关于宁夏地质环境管理、水文地质勘查和宁南地区地下水勘查方面的汇报。随后，翻山越岭，来到位于宁夏南部的固原市，现场慰问了宁南地区地下水勘查找水人员，并沿黄河实地考察了中卫、吴忠、石嘴山等市的水文地质工作。

简介：正Thethesisofthepaper,whichistheobjectofthisDiscussion,isthattheconsiderabledamagesufferedbytheBasilica,aftertheearthquakeofL'Aquilain2009,wastheexclusiveresultoftheinterventionofseismicimprovementofthenaves,madein2000;such