简介：TherangeandcomplexityoftestsusedforHIVantibodyscreening,diagnosisofinfection,andmonitoringdiseaseprogressionandresponsetotherapyhaveincreasedoverthelastdecade.

简介：ＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＭＯＮＩＴＯＲＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＭＯＮＩＴＯＲＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＨａｕＧｕｉｆｅｎ；ＬｉｕＧｕａｎｇｒｏｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＰＬＡ．ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ１００８５３，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ，Ｃｈｉｎａ）ＳｕｃｈａｓＰａｔ...

简介：ForumofAnesthesiaandMonitoringisoneoftheleadingpublicationsforthespecialtiesofAnesthesia,IntensiveCareandPaininChina,sponsoredbyBeijingCommitteeofAnesthesiologistsofChineseMedicalAssociationandMedicalInformationLimited.Publishedsince1993,itiswidelyregardedasthepopularscientificjournalinthespecialty.Thisisevidencednotjustbyitscirculation,butbyitsinfluencestotheyounganesthetistsinChina.

简介：ＡＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＥＣＧＭＯＮＩＴＯＲＩＮＧＡＮＤＲＥＣＯＲＤＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＬｉｊｕｎＴｉａｎ，ＺｏｎｇｚｈａｎＤｕ，ＤｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＷａｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｌＰｏｗｅｒＳｈａｎｄｏｎｇＰｏｌｙｔｅｃｈｎｉｃＵｎｉｖｅｒ...

简介：ＴＨＥＤＥＳＩＧＮＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＥＬＡＸＡＮＴＭＯＮＩＴＯＲＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＴＨＥＤＥＳＩＧＮＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＥＬＡＸＡＮＴＭＯＮＩＴＯＲＩＮＧＳＹＳＴＥＭＺｈｏｕｗｅｉ，ＹａｎｇＪｉｅｑｉｕ，ＬｉｎＳｈｕｊｕ...

简介：AbstractAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has become indispensable in the current management of hypertension. ABPM is particularly useful in the accurate diagnosis of hypertension. Its diagnostic thresholds had been recently established based on hard clinical outcomes. Cross-classification of patients according to office and ambulatory blood pressure identifies white-coat, masked, and sustained hypertension. ABPM is also useful in cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment. It provides information on daytime and nighttime blood pressure and circadian rhythm, particularly nighttime blood pressure dipping. Nighttime blood pressure is predictive of CV risk independent of office and daytime blood pressure. Isolated nocturnal hypertension is a special form of masked hypertension, with normal daytime but elevated nocturnal blood pressure. It also helps in the evaluation of blood pressure fluctuation and variation, such as morning blood pressure surge and reading-to-reading blood pressure variability. ABPM may derive several other indexes, such as ambulatory blood pressure index and salt sensitivity index, which may be useful in CV evaluations.

简介：Recentfindingsinthepathophysiologyandmonitoringofhemostasisinpatientswithendstageliverdiseasehavemajorimpactoncoagulationmanagementduringlivertransplantation.Thereisincreasingevidence,thatthechangesinbothcoagulationfactorsandplateletcountregularlyobservedinpatientswithlivercirrhosiscannotbeinterpretedasareliableindicatorofdiffusebleedingrisk.Instead,adifferentiatedviewonhemostasishasledtotheconceptofarebalancedcoagulationsystemWhileitisimportanttorecognizethatprocoagulantfactorsarereducedinlivercirrhosis,itisalsoevidentthatsynthesisofanticoagulantfactorsandfibrinolyticproteinsproducedintheliverisalsodiminished.Similarly,thedecreasedplateletcountmaybecounterbalancedbyincreasedplateletaggregabilitycausedbyhighlyactivevonWillebrandmultimeres.Thecoagulationsystemisthereforstatedtoberebalanced.Whileundernormal＂unstressed＂conditionsdiffusebleedingisrarelyobserved,howeverbothdiffusebleedingorthrombusformationmayoccurwhencompensationmechanismsareexhausted.Whilemostpatientspresentingforlivertransplantationhaveseverecirrhosis,liverfunctionandthusproductionofpro-andanticoagulantfactorscanbepreservedespeciallyincholestaticliverdisease.Duringlivertransplantation,profoundchangesinthehemostasissystemcanoccur.Surgicalbleedingcanleadtodiffusebleedingascoagulationfactorsandplateletsarealreadyreduced.Ischemiaandtissuetraumacanleadtoalterationsofhemostasiscomparabletotraumainducedcoagulopathy.Afurthercommondisturbanceoftenstartingwiththereperfusionofthetransplantedorganishyperfibrinolysiswhichcaneventuallyprecipitatecompleteconsumptionoffibrinogenandanendogenousheparinizationbyglycocalyxshedding.Moreover,thromboticeventsinlivertransplantationsarenotuncommonandcontributetoincreasedmortality.Besidesconventionallaboratorymethods,bed-sidemonitoringofhemostasis（e.g.,thrombelastography,thrombe

简介：AbstractSince the 1970s, electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) also known as cardiotocography (CTG) has been used extensively in labor around the world, despite its known failure to help prevent many babies from developing neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Part of EFM’s poor performance with respect to these outcomes arises from a fundamental misunderstanding of the differences between screening and diagnostic tests, subjective classifications of fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns that lead to large inter-observer variability in its interpretation, failure to appreciate early stages of fetal compromise, and poor statistical modeling for its use as a screening test. We have developed a new approach to the practice and interpretation of EFM called the fetal reserve index (FRI) which does the following: (1) breaking FHR components down into 4 components, (heart rate, variability, accelerations, and decelerations); (2) contextualizing the metrics by adding increased uterine activity; (3) adding specific maternal, fetal, and obstetric risk factors. The result is an eight-point scoring metric that, when directly compared with current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists EFM categories, even in version 1.0 with equal weighting of variables, shows that the FRI has performed much better for identifying cases at risk before damage had occurred, reducing the need for emergency deliveries, and lowering overall Cesarean delivery rates. With increased data, we expect further refinements in the specifics of scoring that will allow even earlier detection of compromise in labor.

简介：Coughingisthebodyclearanceofairwaysecretionsorforeignobjectsinsidetheprotectivebreathingreflex,theintensityandfrequencyofoccurrenceforclin-icaldiagnosisandcurativeeffectevaluationprovideimportantinformation.Thispaperintroducesanon-specifichumancoughsoundrecognitionsystem,whichisbasedonWINCE4.2,usingMFCC,DTWasmainalgorithmandSQLCEasbackgroundstoragemanagement,fullfillthedetectionofthecoughsound.Clinicalexperimentsprovethatthesystemisstable,whichcanconducteffectivedetectionandstorageofcoughsound.

简介：ObjectivesTostudythemonitoringofrejectionafterorthotopicheartthansplantation.MethodsFrom1998to2005,10othotopicheartthansplanswereperformed,andacuterejectionwasmonitoredbyendomyocardialbiopsyaswellasbyclinicalfeatures,ECG,ultrasonocardiographyandbloodserumdeterminationofTropinI,andbythecombinationofthesemethods,weanalysedthemonitoringofacuterejectionafterthehearttransplantation.ResultsWiththecombinationofclinicalfeatures,ECG,ultrasonocardiographyandbloodserumtest,5occurencesofacuterejectionwerejudgedinthepostoperativecourse,whichwerecomfirmedbyendomyocardialbiopsytobe2acuterejectionsinⅠbdegree,3acuterejectionsinⅢadegree.Endomyocardialbiopsywereroutinelyperformed21timespostoperativelyinwhichtherewere1acuterejectioninⅠadegreeand5acuterejectionsinⅠbdegree.ConclusionsAcuterejectionisanimportantfactorinfluencingthepostoperativecourseofhearttransplantation,soitisimperativetohaveanin-time,effectiveandplannedmonitoringprocedureforacuterejection.Endomyocardialbiopsyisasensitiveandreliablemethodindiagnosisofacuterejection,butitisinvasiveandprobableforsomecomplications.Thenoninvasivemethodsuchasclinicalfeatures,ECG,ultrasonocardiographyandbloodserumtestcanbeusedasadditivemeansinthediagnosisofacuterejection.Endomyocardialbiopsyshouldbecombinedwithsomenoninvasivemethodsinmonitoringacuterejectionafterthehearttransplantation.

简介：Immunotherapyhasbecomeakeystrategyforcancertreatment,andtwoimmunecheckpoints,namely,programmedcelldeath1(PD-1)anditsligand(PD-L1),haverecentlyemergedasimportanttargets.TheinteractionblockadeofPD-1andPD-L1demonstratedpromisingactivityandantitumorefficacyinearlyphaseclinicaltrialsforadvancedsolidtumorssuchasnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC).ManycelltypesinmultipletissuesexpressPD-L1aswellasseveraltumortypes,therebysuggestingthattheligandmayplayimportantrolesininhibitingimmuneresponsesthroughoutthebody.Therefore,PD-L1isacriticalimmunomodulatingcomponentwithinthelungmicroenvironment,butthecorrelationbetweenPD-L1expressionandprognosisiscontroversial.MoreevidenceisrequiredtosupporttheuseofPD-L1asapotentialpredictivebiomarker.ClinicaltrialshavemeasuredPD-L1intumortissuesbyimmunohistochemistry(IHC)withdifferentantibodies,buttheassessmentofPD-L1isnotyetstandardized.Somecommercialantibodieslackspecificityandtheirreproducibilityhasnotbeenfullyevaluated.FurtherstudiesarerequiredtoclarifytheoptimalIHCassayaswellastopredictandmonitortheimmuneresponsesofthePD-1/PD-L1pathway.

简介：Recentinterestinmobile-basedhealthcarehasdrivensignificantdemandsonresearchingnon-contactelectrodesforelectrocardiogram(ECG)measurement.Whiletheconductivegelachievestherequirementinmakingagoodcontactbetweentheelectrodesandskin,severalproblemsappear.Agel-free,non-contactelectrodebasedoncapacitivecouplingtheorywasprovidedinthispaper,whichwasintegratedontheprintcircuitboard(PCB).TheexperimentalresultsshowedthatclearECGsignalscouldbeacquiredinthelaboratoryconditionsbycouplingtheelectrodestothechestofpatientsthroughcottonbelts.

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简介：Hearinglossisaconditionaffectingmillionsofpeopleworldwide.Conductivehearingloss(CHL)ismainlycausedbymiddleeardiseases.ThelowfrequencyareaisthepivotalpartofspeechfrequenciesandmostfrequentlyimpairedinpatientswithCHL.AmongvarioustreatmentsofCHL,middleearsurgeryisefficienttoimprovehearing.However,variablesuccessratesandpossibleneedsforprolongedrevisionsurgerystillfrustratebothsurgeonsandpatients.Nowadays,increasingnumbersofresearchersexplorevariousmethodstomonitortheefficacyofossicularreconstructionintraoperatively,includingelectrocochleography(ECochG),auditorybrainstemresponse(ABR),auditorysteadystateresponse(ASSR),distortionproductotoacousticemissions(DPOAE),subjectivewhispertest,andopticalcoherencetomography(OCT).Here,weillustrateseveralmethodsusedclinicallybyreviewingtheliterature.

简介：AbstractObjective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of internal electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during labor.Methods:This was a retrospective case-control study, which was an analysis of monitoring FHR with a fetal scalp electrode or a Doppler probe (94 pregnant women per group). In the internal monitoring group, when the opening of the uterine orifice was ≥3 cm, the fetal scalp electrode was placed after natural or artificial rupture of the membrane. FHR was simultaneously monitored using a Doppler probe. In the external monitoring group, continuous FHR monitoring was performed using an ultrasound Doppler transducer fixed on the maternal abdomen. The toco transducer was used to record uterine contractions. Pathological examination of the placenta was performed prospectively in 49 and 48 cases in the internal electronic FHR monitoring group and control group, respectively. Maternal-infant outcomes (e.g. fever, puerperal infection, puerperal morbidity, delivery mode, Apgar score, and scalp injury) were recorded. Umbilical artery blood was extracted for blood gas analysis. Differences between the two groups were compared using the paired t-test, χ2 test, Yates corrected χ2 test or Fisher exact test.Results:Non-statistically significant differences between the internal and external monitoring groups were observed in the incidence of neonatal acidosis (1/94 (1.06%) vs. 3/94 (3.19%), respectively; χ2= 0.255, P= 0.613), cesarean section/operative vaginal delivery (8/94 (8.51%) vs. 15/94 (15.96%), respectively; χ2 = 2.427, P= 0.181), fever during labor (18/94 (19.15%) vs. 15/94 (15.96%), respectively; χ2=0.331, P= 0.565), puerperal morbidity (2/94 (2.13%) vs. 3/94 (3.19%), respectively; χ2= 0.000, P= 1.000), chorioamnionitis (9/49 (18.37%) vs. 7/48(14.58%), respectively; χ2= 0.252, P= 0.616), and neonatal asphyxia (0/94 (0.00%) vs. 1/94 (1.06%), respectively; χ2= 0.000, P= 1.000). There were no puerperal infections, neonatal scalp injuries, or scalp abscesses found in either group. Using the internal monitoring value as reference, the incidence of FHR false deceleration in external FHR monitoring was 20.21% (19/94 women).Conclusion:Internal FHR monitoring during labor does not increase the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes. External monitoring was associated with FHR false decelerations.

简介：BackgroundStudieshaveshownthatmiRNA-155playedanimportantroleintheprocessofdevelopmentofhypertension.However,thereisnodateaboutmiRNA-155andbloodpressuremonitoringparameters.Therefore,weexaminedwhetherinhypertensivepatientstheexpressionlevelofplasmamiRNA-155relatedto24-hambulatorybloodpressuremonitoring(ABPM)parameters.MethodsAcohortofadultpatientsscheduledtoreceivephysicalexamination,officeandambulatorybloodpressuremonitoring.Quantitativereversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreaction(qRT-PCR)wasusedtoevaluatetheexpressionofselectedmiRNA-155.ThemiRNA-155expressionlevelcorrelationbetweenbloodpressureparameterswasassessedusingtheSpearmancorrelationcoefficient.ResultsFiftyfouressentialhypertensionpatients(25men;meanage,53.28±9.52years)andthirtyhealthyvolunteers(15men;meanage,53.03±5.87years)wereincluded.WeobservedhigherexpressionlevelofmiRNA-155(32.31±2.85vs27.21±1.59,P<0.001)inhypertensivepatientscomparedtohealthycontrolindividuals.MiRNA-155expressionlevelshowedsignificantpositivecorrelationwith24hDaytimeSBP(r=0.681,P<0.001),24hDaytimeDBP(r=0.473,P<0.001),24hDaytimePP(r=0.565,P<0.001)anddipping(r=0.257,P=0.018),respectively.ConclusionsOurstudyshowedthatmiRNA-155expressionlevelwasassociatedpositivelywithdaytimebloodpressuremonitoringparameters,aswellasbloodpressurevariability,indicatingapossibleimplicationofmiRNA-155inthepathogenesisofhypertension.

简介：Usingofactivecardiacmedicaldevicesincreasessteadily.InEurope,therewere183implantsofICDand944implantsofPM,119ofbiventricularICDand41ofbiventricularPM,allpermillionin-habitantsin2014.Healthcareenvironments,includingradiotherapytreatmentrooms,areconsideredchallengingfortheseimplantabledevices.Exposuretoradiationmaycausethedevicetoexperienceprematureelectivereplacementindicator,decreasedpacingamplitudeorpacinginhibition,inappropri-ateshocksorinhibitionoftachyarrhythmiatherapyandlossofdevicefunction.

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简介：这份报纸基于嵌入的网server.The系统描述一个新ECG监视电视的方法和系统的开发与网络接口和嵌入的网服务器，由ECG录音机组成因特网网络和计算机，与操作浏览器/服务者(B/S)的系统，mode.TheECG录音机被ARM9(S3C2410X)设计并且嵌入操作系统(Linux).OnceECG录音机被连接了到因特网网络，医药专家能使用因特网存取ECG的服务器

简介：Despitethedevelopmentofnoninvasivetoolsasechocardiography,right-sidedheartcatheterizationremainsanintegralpartofthecardiovascularevaluation.Inthelastdecade,betterunderstandingofthehemodynamicprocessbeforeheartfailuredecompensationledtoimprovementofoutpatientstrategiestopreventit.Advancesinimplantablewirelesstechnologynowallowfrequentanddirectmeasurementofintracardiacfillingpressures,whichcanbemonitoredbyhealthcareproviderstohelptailortherapytoreducefillingpressuresandhospitalreadmissionrates.