简介：我们在中国人调查了前列腺特定的抗原(PSA)和PSA密度(PSAD)的表演特征。经历了transrectal的所有中国人到2013的从2000年的指导超声的前列腺活体检视(TRUS-PB)被包括。为PSA和PSAD操作特征(巨鸟)曲线的接收装置被分析。敏感，特性，积极预兆的价值(PPV)和在不同截止层次的否定预兆的价值(NPV)是计算的。2606个中国人的一个总数被包括。为ROC，在曲线下面的区域为PSA是0.770(P<；0.001)并且0.823为PSAD(P<；0.001)。4.5ngml−1的PSA94.4%的有的敏感，14.1%的特性，29.5%的PPV，和86.9%的NPV；0.12ngml−1cc−1的PSAD有94.5%的敏感，26.6%的特性，32.8%的PPV，和92.7%的NPV。在逻辑回归分析的multivariate上，在4.5ngml−1截止的PSA(或1.61，95%CI1.05-2.45，P=0.029)并且在0.12ngml−1cc截止的PSAD−1(或6.22，95%CI4.20-9.22，P<；0.001)是为TRUS-PB上的前列腺癌症察觉的重要预言者。在结论，在在中国人的不同截止层次的PSA和PSAD的表演与在白种人的那些很不同。4.5ngml−1的PSA和0.12ngml−1cc−1的PSAD在95%敏感附近有并且是在中国人的前列腺癌症察觉的重要预言者。

简介：在处理和antigenic的表示，肽由主要histocompatibility建筑群(MHC)绑了一级分子，真核细胞的房间的ubiquitin-proteasome系统在解朊作用和降级起一个重要作用。ubiquitinated蛋白质底层被交付进要消化并且降级的26Sproteasome。proteasome降级的底层实际上是蛋白质蛋白质相互作用。预言proteasome的一些研究很少劈开地点给了与它的底层交往的proteasome的信息，并且那么预兆的方法仍然需要被改善的这些proteasome劈开的精确性和可靠性。这篇论文使用了支持向量机器方法(SVM)预言proteasomal劈开地点，并且模型的预兆的精确性是82.8%。我们显示出经分解劈开地点的劈开特性“|“并且它的邻近的位置，并且关于从我们的研究结果与它的底层交往的proteasome给了信息。它证明劈开指向蛋白质的proteasome选择，然而并非随机。

简介：Ithasbeendemonstratedthattbecriticalroleofbonemarrowstromalcells(HMSCs)istosustaintheselfrenewalofpluripotenthematopoieticstemcellsandmaintainthehomeostasisofbonemarrowhematopoiesismicroenvironment.BMSCprogenitorcandifferentiateintoseveralclementsincludingmacrophages,endothelialcells,fibroblastsandsomeothercells.Almostall

简介：TofindSchistosomajaponicum(S.j)newantigengenethusprovidemoreusefulvaccinecandidates,thecDNAlibraryofS.jadultwormwasscreenedwithseraofrabbitsimmtmizedwiththemembraneantigensofSchistosomajaponicumhepato-portalschistosomula(SjHmAg).ThepositivecloneswereamplifiedbyPCRandsequenced,thenthesequencesofcloneswerecomparedwithallsequencesinGenBankdatabaseusingBlastprocess.ThenewclonesweresubmittedtoGenBankforaccessionnumbers.Fifteenpositivecloneswereobtainedafterthreeroundsofimmunoscreening.ThesizeofS.jcDNAfragmentsinpositiveclonesrangedfrom0.7kb-3.0kbafterautomaticallyexcisedwiththehelperphage.SequenceanalysisrevealedthatpartialsequenceofcloneM5hadsignificanthomologywithS.jmitochondriarnRNA,theotherpositivecloneswerenewS.jgenes.M2clonesequence(GenBankaccessionnumberAF502579)was730bplongithada117bpopenreadingframe(ORF).ThesequenceofM15(GenBankaccessionnumberAF502582)hasnotransmembraneregionandencodes92aminoacids,anditsproteincontainsaferredoxinsiron-sulfurbindingregionsignatureandtwoVWFCsignalregions.ThesizeofM1,M8,M9,M12(GenBankaccessionnumbers:AF502578,AF502580,AF500622,AF502581)rangesfrom402bpto766bp.ItconcludedthattheserafromrabbitimmunizedwithSjHmAgcouldrecognizeS.jspecificantigensmolecules,andtheseantigensmayinducetheprotectiveimmunityagainstS.jinfection.

简介：Objective:ToevaluatethehumoralimmuneinductioninratsofacandidateAIDSvaccineexpressingthegagp24genefromasubtypeBHIV-1isolate.Methods:Theamplifiedp24genewasinsertedintoaneukaryoticexpressionvectortoformthesupercoiledDNAvaccine.ThelinearizedexpressedDNAvaccinewaspreparedfromtheexpressionplasmidbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).TheantigengeneexpressioninratsofthelinearizedandsupercoiledDNAvaccineswereinvitroandinvivodetected.Results:InvitrotranscriptionandNorthernhybridizationshowedthatthelinearizedDNAvaccinecouldsynthesizeamountsofp24mRNAsimilartothesupercoiledDNAvaccine.AntibodyassaysofinoculatedratsconfirmedthatthelinearizedexpressionDNAcouldinduceaslightlyhigherantibodytiterthantheexpressionplasmid,whilethehighestantibodytiterhadbeeninducedbyplasmidplusadjuvantinoculation.Conclusion:TheconstructionofacandidateAIDSvaccinebasedonthep24genecouldshedlightonapotentialHIVvaccine,meritingevaluationinarhesusmacaqueSHIV-AIDSmodel.

简介：Acombinedhistopathological,mucinhistochemi-calandimmunohistochemicalstudyofthetransitionalmucosa(TM)adjacenttocolorectalcancerispresented.Twenty-sixresectedspecimenswerestudiedbyhematoxylinandeosin(HE)andhighirondiamine-alcianblue(HID-AB).Carcinoem-bryonicantigen(CEA)wasdemonstratedbyperoxi-daseantiperoxidass(PAP)technique.TheappearanceoftheTMisusuallythicker,longeranddilatedcryptswithincreasedimmatureandintermediatecells.VariableamountofsialomucinsanddecreasesulphomucinscontentaswellasincreasedCEAcontentarefoundintheTM.Thesechangesarenotseeninnon-transitionalzoneandnormalcolorectalmucosa.ItissuggestedthatthemucinchangesandexpressionofCEAintheTMmayindicateanearlyprimarypremalignantchangesandmaybeoneofthereasonsfortheTMaffectingtheprognosisofpatientswithlargebowelcancerafterradicalresection.

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简介：ToinvestigatethesignificanceoftheSARS-associatedcoronavirus(SARS-CoV)antibody,detectedbyELISAandindirectimmunofluorescenceassays(IFA)fortheSARS-CoVVeroE6celllysates,innon-SARSsubjects,114serumsamplesfromhealthycontrolsand104serumspecimensfromautoimmunediseasepatientswerecollected.TheresultsofELISAshowedthatamong114serafromhealthycontrols,4(3.5%)werepositiveofSARS-CoV-IgGantibodyand114(100%)wereallnegativeofSARS-CoV-IgMantibody;thespecificityofSARS-CoV-IgGantibodyforSARSpatientswas96.5%,butthespecificityofbothSARS-CoV-IgGand-IgMantibodiesforSARSpatientswas100%.In58caseswithSLE,positiveratesofSARS-CoV-IgGand-IgMantibodieswere32.8%(19/58)and8.6%(5/58),respectively,inwhich11cases(19%)werepositiveofbothSARS-CoV-IgGand-IgMantibodies;in10caseswithSS,positiverateofbothSARS-CoV-IgGand-IgMantibodieswas10%(1/10);in16caseswithMCTD,positiverateofSARS-CoV-IgGwas37.5%(6/16),positiverateofbothSARS-CoV-IgGand-IgMantibodieswas6.3%(1/16);in20caseswithRA,onecasewaspositive(5%)ofSARS-CoV-IgG.However,ofallsampleswithpositiveSARS-CoV-IgGand-IgMantibodiesforautoimmunediseasesandhealthycontrols,SARS-CoVRNAandantibodieswereallnegativebyRT-PCRandIFA.AllserafornegativeorpositiveELISAresultswerealsonegativeorpositiveresultsusingELISAwithVeroE6cellslysates.ThesestudiesshowedthatSARS-CoVVeroE6celllysatesfortheELISAtodetectSARS-CoVantibodiescouldleadtothefalse-positivereactionsorcross-reactionsofSARS-CoVantibodiesinnon-SARSdiseasesandhealthycontrols,andthefalse-positivereactionsorcross-reactionswererelatedtoVeroE6celllysatesandautoantibodiesinnon-SARSpopulation.

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简介：Theaimofthisstudyistoexpressthereceptor-bindingdomainofBacillusanthracisprotectiveantigeninE.coli.SignalsequenceoftheoutermembraneproteinA(OmpA)ofE.coliwasattachedtothe5'endofthegeneencodingprotectiveantigenreceptor-bindingdomain(the4^thdomainofPA,PALM).TheplasmidcarryingthefusiongenewasthentransformedintoE.coliandinducedtoexpressrecombinantPAlMbyIFFG.TherecombinantproteinwaspurifiedbychromatographyandthenidentifiedbyN-terrainalsequencingandWesternblot.Therecombinantprotein,about10%ofthetotalbacterialproteininvolume,wassecretedtotheperiplasmicspaceofthecell.Afterapurificationprocedureincludingionexchangechromatographyandgelfiltration,about10mgofhomogenousrecombinantPAD4wasobtainedfrom1Lculture.DatafromN-terminalsequencingsuggestedthattheaminoacidsequenceofrecombinantPAD4wasidenticalwithitsnaturalcounterpart.AndtheresultofWesternblotshowedtherecombinantproteincouldbindwithanti-PAserumfromrabbit.HighlevelsecretedexpressionofPAD4wasobtainedinE.coli.TheresultsreportedherearepartsofacontinuingresearchtoevaluatePAD4asapotentialdrugforanthraxtherapyoracandidateofnewvaccine.

简介：Tumorcell-derivedexosomeshavebeenproposedasnon-cellularnanomericvaccinewhichcouldinducepotentantitumorimmuneresponseinmice.Inordertodeveloptheprotocolstopreparetumorcell-derivedexosomesforbasicresearchandclinicaltrail,weisolatedexosomesfromovalbumin(OVA)-expressingthymomacellsEG.7-OVAbyvariouspreparationmethods.Wedemonstratethenon-sedimentationmethodissimple,rapid,efficientwithhigheryieldandpurityofexosomes.EG.7-OVA-derivedexosomesare40-100nmindiametersequesteredbylipidbi-layer,andcontainrichheatshockprotein(HSP)andOVA.Theresultofthesizedistributiondeterminationisconsistentwiththecalculationbythevisualmicroscopicinspection,with90.4%particlesattherangeof50-90nm.Moreover,asamodelantigenoftheEG.7cells,OVAconcentrationinEG.7-derivedexosomescanberegardedasagoodqualitycontrolparameter.Therefore,wehaveestablishedaplatformtoefficientlyprepareexosomesfortumorimmunotherapy.

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简介：Objective:TumorassociatedantigenencodinggeneHCA520(AF146019)wasidentifiedbyscreeningahumanhepatocellularcarcinomaexpressingcDNAlibraryusingSEREXtechnique.InthisexperimentwestudiedtheeffectofHCA520oncellproliferationandapoptosis.Methods:GeneHCA520wasgainedbyPCRandtransfectedinto293cells.ThestableexpressioncellswereobtainedbyG418selection.Thecellproliferationwasmeasuredby[3H]-TdRuptakeandapoptosisassaywasmeasuredbyFACS.Results:EukaryoticexpressionplasmidpcDNA3-HCA520wasconstructedanditsstabletransfectantswereobtained.OverexpressionofHCA520inhibitedthecellproliferationandenhancedcellapoptosisafterserumdeprivation.Conclusion:HCA520isanoveltumorassociatedantigenthatcanaffectcellproliferationandapoptosis.

简介：Objective:Toamplifyantigengenesfrompatientswithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirustype1(HIV-1)inGuangdongProvinceforcandidateAIDSvaccinedesign.Methods:Viralnucleicacidwasisolatedfrom10HIV-1infectedindividuals'peripheralbloodcollectedduring1995-2000inGuangdongProvince.Theviralgagp24geneandenvgp120genewereamplifiedbynested-PCRandsequenced.ThehomologiesamongHIV-1isolateswerecomparedwithHIV-BLAST.Results:Among10HIV-1isolates,ninearehomologoustovirusesofsubtypeB,andoneishomologoustovirusesofsubtypeE.Conclusion:SubtypeBvirusesofHIV-1arepredominantlypresentinGuangdongProvince.

简介：肝是有有免疫力的规定的优美机制的一个tolerogenic机关保证本地、全身的有免疫力的忍耐的保养到自我和外国抗原，但是那也能对病原体装有效有免疫力的回答。尽管有主要histo相容性建筑群失配，肝allografts的有免疫力的特权在猪首先被认出，并且称为“；肝忍耐effect”；。而且，肝移植自发地与仅仅低剂量的免疫力的抑制被接受，并且为一样的施主的非肝的共同移植的allografts导致忍耐。尽管这immunotolerogenic环境在机关移植的背景是有利的，它在象肝炎B一样的长期的传染的肝疾病是有害的，导致tumorigenesis完成的病原体坚持和弱反肿瘤或C，疟疾，血吸虫病或。肝是T房间激活的一个主要地点，但是它得到T房间的差或不完全的激活，导致他们的未成功的激活，疲劳，他们的受动器功能的抑制和早死亡。这被病原体利用并且能损害病原体控制和清理或允许肿瘤生长。T房间的肝的priming被传统的很多个本地人和nonconventional调停介绍抗原的房间(APC)由有免疫力的偏差支持忍耐，T房间变应力缺乏或apoptosis感应，并且产生并且膨胀规章的T房间。这评论将集中于通讯在之间古典并且在在感应的忍耐和愿望的肝的nonclassicalAPC和淋巴细胞在这个过程讨论最近的卓见进天生的淋巴细胞的角色。

简介：AIM:ToelucidatethemolecularmechanismsunderlyinghepatitisBvirus(HBV)occultinfectionofgenotypeC.METHODS:Atotalof10typesofhepatitisBsurfaceantigen(HBsAg)variantsfromaKoreanoccultcohortwereused.AfteracompleteHBVgenomeplasmidmutatedsuchthatitdoesnotexpressHBsAgandplasmidencoding,eachHBsAgvariantwastransientlyco-transfectedintoHuH-7cells.ThesecretioncapacityandintracellularexpressionoftheHBVvirionsandHBsAgsintheirrespectivevariantswereanalyzedusingreal-timequantitativepolymerasechainreactionassaysandcommercialHBsAgenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassays,respectively.RESULTS:AllvariantsexhibitedlowerlevelsofHBsAgsecretionintothemediumcomparedwiththewildtype.Inparticular,ineightofthetenvariants,verylowlevelsofHBsAgsecretionthatweresimilartothenegativecontrolweredetected.Incontrast,mostvariants(9/10)exhibitednormalvirionsecretioncapacitiescomparablewith,orevenhigherthan,thewildtype.ThisprovidednewinsightintotheintrinsicnatureofoccultHBVinfection,whichleadstoHBsAgsero-negativenessbuthashorizontalinfectivity.Furthermore,mostvariantsgeneratedhigherreactiveoxidativespeciesproductionthanthewildtype.ThisfindingprovidespotentiallinksbetweenoccultHBVinfectionandliverdiseaseprogression.CONCLUSION:ThepresentlyobtaineddataindicatethatdeficiencyinthesecretioncapacityofHBsAgvariantsmayhaveapivotalfunctionintheoccultinfectionsofHBVgenotypeC.

简介：AbstractObjective:To clarify whether the serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) levels of patients with inverted papilloma (IP) are different from patients with nasal polyps (NP) and rhinitis.Materials and methods:Serum SCCA levels were measured in 30 patients with IP and 30 patients with NP at one day before surgery and seven days after surgery and measured in 28 patients with rhinitis.Results:Elevated serum SCCA levels (>1.5 ng/ml) were found in 80.0% of patients in the IP group, 6.7% of patients in the NP group and 14.3% of patients in the rhinitis group, which was a significant difference. The medians of serum SCCA levels in the IP, NP and rhinitis groups were 3.9, 0.8 and 1.1 ng/ml, respectively, which was a significant difference. The SCCA level in IP group was not significantly correlated according to Krouse Staging. There was a significant difference in serum SCCA levels between the pre- and postoperative stages in the IP group, at 3.9 and 0.8 ng/ml, respectively, while in the NP group the levels were 0.8 and 1.0 ng/ml, not significantly different. With regard to the IP diagnosis in the IP and NP group based on the SCCA level (>1.5 ng/ml), sensitivity and specificity was 80.0% and 93.3%, respectively.Conclusions:The serum SCCA level in patients with IP was elevated and then it decreased after surgery. This was different from NP and rhinitis patients who mostly had normal levels, which did not change.