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简介：我们与处理描述并且分析一个简单SIS模型。特别地，我们借助于asymptotically自治的系统的理论给完全质的分析。如果足够的接触率或能力是小的，向后的分叉发生，这被发现。在那里存在，也被发现双稳态地方性的equilibria。在导致疾病的死亡的情况中，向后的分叉也发生，这被显示出。而且，在一些条件，和潜水艇下面没有限制周期批评Hopf分叉发生在另外一个下面条件。

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简介：ConsiderabackwardheatequationinaboundeddomainΩR2withthenoisydataintheinitialtimegeometry.Theaimistofindthetemperaturefor0＜ε＜t＜T.Forthisill-posedproblem,theauthorsgiveacontinuousdependenceestimateofthesolution.Moreover,theconvergencerateoftheapproximatesolutionisalsogiven.

简介：在g上的Lipschitz假设和方形的integrable假设下面，如果并且仅当g独立于y，作者证明Jensen的不平等为向后的随机的微分方程赞成发电机g，g(t，0)≡0并且g是超级的关于z同类。这结果为g期望在Jensen的不平等上概括已知的结果在[4，7-9]。

简介：Inthispaper,thebackwardproblemoraparabolicequationisconsidered.Threenewstabilityestimatesaregiven.Basedonthenewstabilityestimates,aregularizationmethodisproposedforwhicherrorestimatesareavailable.Theregularizationmethodcanbeusedforthenumericalapproximationsoftheoriginalproblemwhichwillbeshownbythenumericalexamples.

简介：Theobjectiveofthispaperistointroduceelementarydiscretereflectedbackwardequationsandtogiveasimplemethodtodiscretizeintimea(continuous)reflectedbackwardequation.Apresentationofnumericalsimulationsisalsodescribed.

简介：Inthispaper,weprovetheexistenceanduniquenessforBackwardStochasticDifferentialEquationswithstoppingtimeastimehorizonunderthehypothesisthatthegeneratorisbounded.Wefirstproveforthestoppingtimewithfinitevaluesandforthegeneralstoppingtimeweprovetheresulttakinglimit.Wesuggestanewapproachtogeneralizetheresultsforthecaseofconstanttimehorizontothecaseofstoppingtimehorizon.

简介：在最近的过去，试验性的研究证明了片的一些优点在轴的压缩机倾斜并且扫。当大多数试验性的结果与另外的特征被相结合，在压缩机的性能上决定单个参数的效果是困难的。现在的数字研究针对在出口理解表演和三维的流动模式扫并且未扫过的转子。三个转子也就是；未扫过，200向前扫了，200个向后打扫的转子与理解片边界层流动的模式的一个特定的意愿被分析。分析被做用一充分三维粘滞CFD代码CFX-5。结果在压力上升显示了减小与扫。向后扫根据endwalls附近的表演被考虑，是有害的。在在中间的跨度区域的wake的在另一方面全部的压力损失是更少与向后扫，它这里赞成它的应用程序。然而，向后不利地扫影响货摊边缘。能力向前扫偏斜向中心的streamlines变得以低流动率减少了。向前打扫变化吸表面优化的以如此的一个方法的streamline模式向中心被偏斜，压力表面优化向casing被偏斜。相反的行为在向后打扫的转子被观察。

简介：委婉语常用来间接表达令人敏感的事物以达到美化事实的效果,被广泛用于社会生活的各个领域。学校也不例外。按照学习的好坏,学生大体可分为三类:好学生(topstudent),一般的学生(averagestudent)和差生(backwardstudent)。由于“差生”在学习上落后于他人,直接表述(Callingaspadeaspade)有伤其体面和自尊,因此,一些委婉表达方法便应运而生。

简介：ＥＶＡＬＵＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　ＨＦＡＭ　ＯＮ　Ａ　ＦＬＯＷ　ＯＶＥＲ　Ａ　ＢＡＣＫＷＡＲＤ－ＦＡＣＩＮＧ　ＳＴＥＰＥＶＡＬＵＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＨＦＡＭＯＮＡＦＬＯＷＯＶＥＲＡＢＡＣＫＷＡＲＤ－ＦＡＣＩＮＧＳＴＥＰ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｏ－ｙｕａｎ；ＬｉＷｅｉ（...

简介：Inthispaper,westudyone-dimensionalreflectedbackwarddoublystochasticdifferentialequations(RBDSDEs)withonecontinuousbarrieranddiscontinuous(leftorrightcontinuous)generator.WeobtainanexistencetheoremandacomparisontheoremforsolutionsoftheclassofRBDSDEs.

简介：在这篇论文，由前面、向后的模型组成的一个数学模型在一个传播动力系统为差错诊断在平行基因算法(针网阵列)上被造。减少差错节的规模的一个新方法在前面的模型被开发，传递接口(MPI)途径的消息被全球单个人口的主人奴隶方法(GPGA)选基因算法到平行。建议途径被用于由28节，84个保护的继电器和40个电路断路器组成的一个样品系统。模拟结果证明新模型能在大规模动力系统的联机应用程序基于GPGA完成很快的计算。

简介：Considera1-DbackwardheatconductionproblemwithRobinboundarycondition.Werecoveru(x,0)andu(x,to)forto∈(0,T)fromthemeasureddatau(x,T)respectively.ThefirstproblemissolvedbytheMorozovdiscrepancyprincipleforwhicha3-orderiterationprocedureisappliedtodeterminetheregularizingparameter.Forthesecondone,wecombinetheconditionalstabilitywiththeTikhonovregularizationtogethertoconstructtheregularizingsolutionforwhichtheconvergencerateisalsoestablished.Numericalresultsaregiventoshowthevalidityofourinversionmethod

简介：Amethodofdetectingdry,icyandwetroadsurfaceconditionsbasedonscanningdetectionofsinglewavelengthbackwardpowerisproposedinthisletter.Thedetectorisusedtoreceivethebackwardscatteredpowerwhichchangeswiththeincidenceangle.Therelationshipbetweenbackwardpowerandincidenceangleisusedtofindouttheeffectiveanglerangeanddistinguishmethod.Experimentandsimulationshowthatitisfeasibletoclassifythesethreeconditionswithinincidenceangleof5.3degree.

简介：Inthelightoftheproblemofoilpollutionbroughtaboutbyships,inthispaperwepresenttheconceptofbackwardtracingoilspills.Inthecourseofbackwardcalculationofthetwo-dimensionalconvection&diffusionequation,ontheonehand,theadvectiontermitselfhasthestrongunilateralproperty,whichmeansinformationintheupperreachesistransmitteddownstreamviatheadvectionterm;ontheotherhand,becauseoftheoppositedirectionofcalculation,itisessentialforinformationtobeconveyedupstreambymeansoftheadvectionterm.Inaddition,unlikethatintheforwardcalculation,thediffusionterminthebackwardcalculationispronetoaccumulateerrors,andthusrendersthewholeschemeunstable.Therefore,weadoptthecentraldifferencetodealwithboththeconvectionaltermandthediffusionterm.Byexaminingtwopracticalexamples(1)undertheunlimitedboundarycondition,and(2)underthelimitedboundarycondition,itisproventhatthismethodcouldachievefundamentallysatisfactoryresultsnotonlyintheopenoceanbutalsointheclosedorsemi-closedbay.

简介：Theflowstructuresinaseparatedshearlayeractuatedbyasyntheticjetactuatorwerestudiedusingexperimentalmethods.Whenforcedatafrequencymuchlowerthanthenaturalsheddingfrequency(fH/U=0.042orfX_r/U=0.24),theverticalflappingmotionoftheshearlayerdownstreamoftheseparationpointbecameprominent.Thesizeofthepeakinthepressurespectraattheforcingfrequency(St_A=f_AH/U)measuredneartheseparationpoint(x/H=1)increasedlinearlywiththeforcingamplitude(u′/U)suggestingalinearresponseofthepressurefluctuationstotheforcingbythesyntheticjet.ThelinearresponsedidnotholdforthepressurefluctuationsawayfromthejetexitasthemagnitudeofthepeakforSt_Ameasuredatx/H=3soonsaturatedwhentheforcingamplitudebecamelargerthan0.3.

简介：Basedontheblockstylespectraldecomposition,thispaperdealswiththeoptimalbackwardperturbationanalysisforthelinearsystemwithblockcycliccoefficientmatrix.

简介：AnoptimalcontrolproblemforacontrolledbackwardstochasticpartialdifferentialequationintheabstractevolutionformwithaBolzatypeperformancefunctionalisconsidered.Thecontroldomainisnotassumedtobeconvex,andallcoefficientsofthesystemareallowedtoberandom.Avariationalformulaforthefunctionalinagivencontrolprocessdirectionisderived,bytheHamiltonianandassociatedadjointsystem.Asanapplication,aglobalstochasticmaximumprincipleofPontrayginstypefortheoptimalcontrolsisestablished.

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