简介:ThepolycrystallinephaseWO3/g-C3N4wassynthesizedunderstirringusingtungstenicacid(H2WO4)andgraphiticcarbonnitride(g-C3N4)asrawmaterials.ThecatalystwascharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),energydispersivespectroscopy(EDS),theFouriertransforminfraredspectroscopy(FT-IR),andtheBrunauer-Emmett-Telleranalysis(BET).ThepolycrystallinephaseWO3/g-C3N4wasdeterminedbyXRDtechnique.TheoxidativedesulfurizationprocesswasinvestigatedusingWO3/g-C3N4asthecatalyst,30%hydrogenperoxide(H202)astheoxidant,and1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate([bmim]BF4)ionicliquids(ILs)astheextractant.Theoperatingconditions,includingH2WO4amount,ILdose,H2O2volume,temperature,catalystdosage,andtypesofsulfurcompounds,weresystematicallyresearched.Thedesulfurizationratecouldreach98.46%forremovingdibenzothiophene(DBT)fromthemodeloilunderoptimalreactionconditions.Inaddition,thecatalyticactivitywasslightlydecreasedafterfiverecyclesofcatalysts.Thereactionkineticsanalysisshowsthattheoxidativedesulfurizationsystemwasinaccordwiththefirst-orderreactionkineticsequation.Themechanismofoxidativedesulfurizationwasproposed.
简介:新疆油田MN气田属于高压、中孔隙度、中渗透率气田.应用气测录井的皮克斯勒烃比值法、3H法、三角形图板法等常规解释方法,无法对该气田气水层及合气水层进行有效解释,且荧光录井无显示。针对此情况,通过对该气田4口井27层气测录井全烃及烃类气体组分显示特征分析,发现气层气测异常明显,全烃曲线呈箱形、组分齐全,C1~nC5相对含量依次降低;水层及含气水层同样气测异常明显,全烃曲线呈尖峰状,组分及组分相对含量和气层相同。针对上述问题,提出了烃类比值和烃气指数解释评价图板,为现场快速、准确评价气水层提供一种有效手段。在该气田4口井27层的应用表明。其回判解释符合率达到85%以上,效果较好。
简介:Inthispaper,2-isopropylnaphthalenehasbeensynthesizedbythereactionofnaphthaleneandisopropylbromide,usingtriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidasthecatalyst.Theeffectofthecatalystcomposition,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratioofthereagentsonthe2-isopropylnaphthaleneyieldwassystematicallyinvestigated.Theoptimalreactionconditionscover:anAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof2.0,areactiontimeof3h,areactiontemperatureof15.0℃,avolumefractionofionicliquidtothemixture(isopropylbromide,n-dodecaneandn-hexane)of9%,andanaphthalene/isopropylbromidemolarratioof4.0.Undertheoptimalreactionconditions,theconversionofisopropylbromidereached98%andtheselectivityof2-isopropylnaphthalenewasequalto80%.ThetestresultsverifiedgoodcatalyticactivityuponusingEt3NHCl-AlCl3ionicliquidasthecatalystforalkylationofnaphthalenewithisopropylbromide.Theactivityoftheionicliquidremainsunchangedafterithasbeenrecycledfor4times.
简介:Alkylationoftoluenewith2-chloro-2-methylpropane(t-Bu-Cl)tosynthesizepara-tert-butyltoluene(PTBT)wascarriedoutinthepresenceoftriethylaminehydrochloride-aluminumchlorideionicliquidsusedasthecatalyst.TheionicliquidswerepreparedwithdifferentmolarratiosofEt3NHCltoAlCl3,andtheeffectofthemolarratiobetweenAlCl3andEt3NHCl,thereactiontime,thereactiontemperature,theionicliquiddosage,aswellasthemolarratiooftoluenetochloro-2-methylpropaneonthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithchloro-2-methyl-propanewasinvestigated.ThetestresultsshowedthattheacidicionicliquidspreparedwithEt3NHClandAlCl3hadgoodactivityandselectivityforthealkylationreactionoftoluenewithalkylchloridetoproducePTBT.TheoptimalreactionconditionswerespecifiedatanAlCl3toEt3NHClratioof1.6,areactiontemperatureof20℃,amassfractionoftoluenetoionicliquidof10%,andachloro-2-methylpropanetotoluenemolarratioof0.5.Underthesuitablereactionconditions,a98%conversionofchloro-2-methylpropaneandan82.5%selectivityofPTBTwereobtained.Ionicliquidscouldbereused5timeswithitscatalyticactivityunchanged,andtheregeneratedionicliquidscanberecycled.
简介:准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐地区火成岩孔洞-裂缝型(统称为裂缝)储集层评价及流体识别一直是录井工程中的难题。为解决这一难题,借鉴功指数比值研究成果,在阐述综合录井工程参数功指数识别裂缝原理的基础上,将该参数用于中拐地区火成岩储集层裂缝识别及评价。首先,探索火成岩储集层油气显示段功指数比值与测井视声波、视密度及测井孔隙度的关系,研究表明其相关性较好,为此依据测井评价标准建立功指数比值物性评价标准;其次,采用功指数比值与录井含油性参数建立了功指数比值-气测显示厚度比图板,该图板区分油气层与非价值层效果较好,解释符合率达84.4%,对当地两口近期完钻井的解释评价结论亦与试油结果相符,较好地满足了该地区火成岩裂缝储集层解释评价要求。
简介:TheresultsofcommercialapplicationoftwotypesofC_8aromaticsisomerizationcatalystsunderdifferentfeedconditionswerecomparedtogainaninsightinthetechno-economicalbasisforselectingpropertechnologicalrouteattheplant.Thecomparisonrevealsdifferencesineveryaspectoffeedconsumption,unitcapacity,productoutput,productdistribution,andunitprocessparametersdependinguponwhichcatalysttypeisadoptedbytheintegratedPXcomplex.Thetypeofaromaticsisomerizationcatalysthasitsinfluenceontheplantscale,theconstructioncost,theprocessunitcapacityandtheproductcost,withthemagnitudeofitsimpactvaryingwithchangingfeedconditions.