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简介：【摘 要】介绍发电机机端出口TV一次保险熔断的原因分析，对故障处理的风险进行评估，具体给出了处理预案和处理步骤,为以后类似异常事件提供前车之鉴

简介：AbstractBackground:Despite the availability of free tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment, TB care still generates substantial costs that push people into poverty. We investigated out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for TB care and assessed the resulting economic burden and economic consequences for those with varying levels of household income in eastern China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among TB patients in the national TB programme networks in eastern China. TB-related direct OOP costs, time loss, and coping strategies were investigated across households in different economic strata. Analysis of Variance was used to examine the differences in various costs, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the difference in total costs as a percentage of annual household income.Results:Among 435 patients, the mean OOP total costs of TB care were USD 2389.5. In the lower-income quartile, OOP payments were lower, but costs as a percentage of reported annual household income were higher. Medical costs and costs prior to treatment accounted for 66.4 and 48.9% of the total costs, respectively. The lower the household income was, the higher the proportion of medical costs to total costs before TB treatment, but the lower the proportion of medical costs patients spent in the intensive phase. TB care caused 25.8% of TB-affected households to fall below the poverty line and caused the poverty gap (PG) to increase by United States Dollar (USD) 145.6. Patients in the poorest households had the highest poverty headcount ratio (70.2%) and PG (USD 236.1), but those in moderately poor households had the largest increase in the poverty headcount ratio (36.2%) and PG (USD 177.8) due to TB care. Patients from poor households were more likely to borrow money to cope with the costs of TB care; however, there were fewer social consequences, except for food insecurity, in poor households.Conclusions:Medical and pretreatment costs lead to high costs of TB care, especially among patients from the poorest households. It is necessary to train health system staff in general hospitals to promptly identify and refer TB patients. Pro-poor programmes are also needed to protect TB patients from the medical poverty trap.

简介：摘要目的探讨微视频联合Time-out警示巾在提高三方核查执行率中的应用效果。方法随机抽取2018年11月择期手术600例，将手术患者300例作为对照组，对照组采用常规安全核查方法进行核查；另300例手术患者作为试验组，试验组在常规安全核查的基础上采用微视频培训及联合使用Time-out警示巾的执行方案。观察分析两组手术安全核查执行情况及手术安全核查手术开始前执行规范化情况。结果使用微视频联合Time-out警示巾后，试验组在麻醉实施前（300例）、手术切皮前（297例）及患者离开手术室前（294例）核查执行的例数明显升高，与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。比较手术团队对手术安全核查执行内容知晓情况，试验组核查时间、核查内容及核查方法的知晓例数均高于对照组（均P<0.001）。结论微视频联合Time-out警示巾，配合微信群信息交流工具及三级质控，能有效提高三方核查执行率中的规范化，保障患者安全。