简介:ObjectivesToassesswhetherstatinsreduceall-causemortalityandCVeventsinelderlypeoplewithoutestablishedCVdisease.BackgroundSinceageingofthepopulationissteadilyraising,preventionofcardiovascular(CV)diseaseintheelderlyisrelevant.InelderlypatientswithpreviousCVevents,useofstatinsisrecommendedbyguidelines,whereasbenefitsofthesedrugsinelderlysubjectswithoutpreviousCVeventsarestilldebated.MethodsRandomizedtrialscomparingstatinsversusplaceboandreportingall-causeandCVmortality,myocardialinfarction(MI),stroke,andnewcanceronsetinelderly(>65yearsold)subjectswithoutestablishedCVdiseasewereincluded.ResultsEighttrialsenrolling24,674subjects(42.7%females;meanage73.0+2.9;meanfollow-up3.5+1.5years)wereincludedinanalyses.Statins,comparedtoplacebo,significantlyreducedtheriskofMIby39.4%(relativerisk[RR]:0.606[95%confidenceinterval(CI):0.434to0.847];P=0.003),aswellastheriskofstrokeby23.8%(RR:0.762[CI:0.626to0.926];P=0.006).Incontrast,theriskofall-causedeath(RR:0.941[CI:0.856to1.035];P=0.210)andofCVdeath(RR:0.907[CI:0.686to1.199];P=0.493)werenotsignificantlyreduced.Newcanceronsetdidnotdifferbetweenstatin-comparedtoplacebotreatedsubjects(RR:0.989[CI:0.851to1.151];P=0.890).ConclusionsPInelderlysubjectsathighCVriskwithoutestablishedCVdisease,statinssignificantlyreducetheincidenceofMIandstroke,butdonotsignificantlyprolongsurvivalintheshort-term.
简介:ThedetailedreactionpathwayandcokeformationmechanismoverPt/metaloxidenanoparticlesduringthesteamreformingofethanol(SRE)at300℃werestudied.ThecatalystswerepreparedbyincipientwetnessimpregnationmethodandwerecharacterizedwithCOpulsechemisorption,BETsurfacemeasurement,oxygenadsorption,ethanol-TPD,NH3-TPD,andTPO.TheSREactivityofthecatalystswithsteam/ethanolmolarratioof3/1wastestedusingacontinuousfixed-bedreactor.StronginteractionbetweenPtandsupportscauseslowerH2productiontemperaturesandnoC2H4formation,whileweakinteractionleadstoC2H4formationandstrongbondedCOonPtparticlesduringethanol-TPD.H2productionoverPt-basedcatalystsismainlyresultedfromthedecompositionanddehydrogenationofethanol,anddecarbonylationofacetaldehyde.Meanwhile,cokecanbeformedfromacetaldehyde,acetone,C2H4andCO.However,whentheinteractionbetweenPtandsupportsisweak,morecokeisformedespeciallyfromacetone,C2H4andCO.Whentheinteractionisstrong,nocokeformationisobservedduetohighoxygenstoragecapacityofthecatalyst.
简介:Inducedembryonicstemresourcesfortheobservationofthecell(ES)cellsareexpectedtobepromisingcellbehaviorsindevelopmentalbiologyaswellastheimplantationincelltreatmentsinhumandiseases.ArecombinantE-cadherinsubstratumwasdevelopedasacellrecognizablesubstratumtomaintaintheEScells'self-renewalandpluripotencyatsinglecelllevel.Furthermore,thegenerationofvariouscelllineagesindifferentgermlayers,includinghepaticorneuralcells,wasachievedonthechimericproteinlayerpreciselyandeffectively.Theinductionandisolationofspecificcellpopulationwascarriedoutwiththeenhancingeffectofotherartificialextracellularmatrices(ECMs)inenzyme-freeprocess.ThemurineEScell-derivedcellsshowedhighlymorphologicalsimilaritiesandfunctionalexpressionstomaturedhepatocytesorneuralprogenitorcells.