简介：在这研究，为热带以外的气旋的修改鉴定和追踪的算法被开发。这个鉴定计划基于技术与一个连接部件的标记方法相结合以便检测外部边界和单个气旋的空间领域特征的三角形网孔的contouring。允许的一个新追踪方法气旋合并并且切开事件的鉴定，以及短命暴风，被开发在追踪热带以外的气旋减少无常。我也证明这个方法排除将不必要地用常规NCP方法被检测的开的系统的轨道。气旋频率的分发的climatological特征在与在以前的研究看见的那些相比的传统的暴风雨轨道区域上是实质地更大的。有趣地，在北极的气旋密度的重要增加发生在所有四个季节期间(多达19%在夏天)与与纬度经度gridded网孔分析看那相比。我基于气旋的领域开发二个新地区性的紧张索引(深度和涡度)更好确定在北极区域的气旋的活动，并且发现在这二个索引的interannual可变性是高度一致的。这分析的结果可以经由从这个cyclonic-domain-based算法导出的最新检测的2D气旋地图集使高纬度的气旋的行为研究清楚些。

简介：基于改进客观气旋察觉和追踪的算法，在在北东亚的热带以外的气旋的十的变化被使用ECMWF40年分析(ERA-40)学习海平面的压力数据在期间19582001。结果表明那项热带以外的气旋活动显示了清楚季节，内部在北东亚的年度、十的可变性。春天是气旋最经常发生的季节。热带以外的气旋的空间分发证明气旋主要在40°以内发生50°N在北东亚的纬度的乐队，和出现的最经常的区域在蒙古。而且，这研究也揭示热带以外的气旋的频率显著地在北东亚的更低的纬度区域减少了在期间的事实19582001，但是十的可变性在更高的纬度乐队统治了，与经常的气旋开始。热带以外的气旋的紧张在一个年度、季节的基础上减少了。在北东亚的气旋的年度数字的变化与baroclinic的吝啬的紧张被联系正面的地区，它被在更高的纬度温暖的气候影响。而且，随北方的增加和在北东亚的南部的部分的减少，额外的热门气旋变化的偶极子结构与有关向北方baroclinic的运动110°E的任何一个方面上的正面的地区。

简介：基于最好轨道的数据和JRA-25分析，热带气旋(TC)的西方的向北和平的热带以外的转变(et)的气候学在这份报纸被介绍。它被发现那35%(318从912)所有，TC在1979期间经历了et-2008。温暖季节(通过9月的6月)et与大多数说明64%所有et事件在9月的出现。区域120楶祴搠湥楳祴眠獡挠潬敳祬挠牯敲慬整?潴琠敨漠獢牥敶???捡畣畭慬楴敶爠楡普污l

简介：

简介：Polewardatmosphericmoisturetransport（AMT）intotheArcticOceancanchangeatmosphericmoistureorwatervaporcontentandcausecloudformationandredistribution,whichmaychangedownwardlongwaveradiationand,inturn,surfaceenergybudgets,airtemperatures,andsea-iceproductionandmelt.Inthisstudy,wefoundaconsistentlyenhancedpolewardAMTacross60°Nsince1959basedontheNCAR-NCEPreanalysis.RegionalanalysisdemonstratesthatthepolewardAMTpredominantlyoccursovertheNorthAtlanticandNorthPacificregions,contributingabout57%and32%,respectively,tothetotaltransport.ToimproveourunderstandingofthedrivingforceforthisenhancedpolewardAMT,weexploredtherolethatextratropicalcycloneactivitymayplay.Climatologically,about207extratropicalcyclonesmoveacross60°NintotheArcticOceaneachyear,amongwhichabout66（32%ofthetotal）and47（23%）originatefromtheNorthAtlanticandNorthPacificOcean,respectively.Whenanalyzingthelineartrendsofthetimeseriesconstructedbyusinga20-yearrunningwindow,wefoundapositivecorrelationof0.70betweenpolewardyearlyAMTandtheintegratedcycloneactivityindex（measurementofcycloneintensity,number,andduration）.ThisshowstheconsistentmultidecadalchangesbetweenthesetwoparametersandmaysuggestcycloneactivityplaysadrivingroleintheenhancedpolewardAMT.Furthermore,acompositeanalysisindicatesthatintensificationandpolewardextensionoftheIcelandiclowandaccompanyingstrengthenedcycloneactivityplayanimportantroleinenhancingpolewardAMTovertheNorthAtlanticregion.

简介：ThesynopticsituationandmesoscalestructureofanexplosiveextratropicalcycloneovertheNorthwesternPacificinMarch2007areinvestigatedthroughweatherstationobservationsanddatareanalysis.Thecycloneislocatedbeneaththepolewardsideoftheexitofa200hPajet,whichisastrongdivergentregionaloft.Atmid-level,thecycloneliesonthedownstreamsideofawell-developedtrough,whereastrongascendingmotionfrequentlyoccurs.Cross-sectionanalyseswithweatherstationdatashowthatthecyclonehasawarmandmoistcore.A'nose'ofthecoldfront,whichischaracterizedbyalow-levelprotrudingstructureintheequivalentpotentialtemperaturefield,formswhenthecyclonemovesoffshore.This'nose'structureishypothesizedtohavebeencausedbytheheatingeffectoftheKuroshioCurrent.Twolow-leveljetstreamsarealsoidentifiedonthewesternandeasternsidesofthecoldfront.Thewesternjetconveyscoldanddryairat800-900hPa.Thewindinthenorthernpartisnortheasterly,andthewindinthesouthernpartisnorthwesterly.Bycontrast,theeasternjetcarrieswarmandmoistairintothecyclonesystem,ascendingnorthwardfrom900hPato600-700hPa.Thesouthernpartisdominatedbythesoutherlywind,andthewindinthenorthernpartissouthwesterly.Theeasternandwesternjetssignificantlyincreasetheairtemperatureandmoisturecontrastinthevicinityofthecoldfront.Thisincreasecouldplayanimportantroleinimprovingtherapidcyclogenesisprocess.

简介：Borealwintertimeextratropicalcirculationisstudiedinrelationtothetropicalconvectionduringthe1982/83ElNinoand1988/89LaNina.Theanomalystructureof1982/83and1988/89overtheextratropicsrevealsremarkablydifferentfeaturesasthelongitudinaltropicalforcingregionchanges.TheRossbywavesource(Positive)showsthelargestmaximumoverEastAsiainbothyearsduetothepersistentheatingfromthewesternPacificwarmpoolarea.However,thesinktermshowscontrastingfeaturesoverthesubtropicsandextratropicsbetweenthetwoyears.IntheElNinoyear,enhancedtropicalconvectionovertheeasternPacificproducestheRossbywavesinkat10°NandshiftedeastwardovertheNorthPacific,whileintheLaNinayear,thesinkareaisshiftedwestwardovertheNorthPacific.Thecontrastingfeaturesbetweenthetwoeventsinmean-eddyinteractionappearsespeciallyoverthedownstreamareaoftheEastAsianJet.Theextension(retraction)ofthemeanfloweastward(westward)totheeast(west)ofthedatelineisrelatedwiththeeffectofthewestward(eastward)E-vectorandthestrengthening(weakening)ofthenegativeanomaliesofthebarotropicgrowthofkineticenergy.Hence,almostoppositecharacteristicsbetweenthetwoeventscanexplainthecloserelationshipoftropicalconvectionandtheextratropicalinternalvariability.

简介：ＡＤｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｘｐｌｏｓｉｖｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｘｔｒａｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌＣｙｃｌｏｎｅｏｖｅｒＥａｓｔＡｓｉａａｎｄＷｅｓｔＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎ￥ＪｉａＹｉｑｉｎ（贾逸勤）ａｎｄＺｈａｏＳｉｘｉｏｎｇ（赵思雄）（...

简介：BasedontheTropicalCyclone(TC)YearbooksdataandJRA-25reanalysisdatafromtheJapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)during1979-2008,dynamiccompositeanalysisandcomputationofkineticenergybudgetareusedtostudytheintensifyingandweakeningTCsduringExtratropicalTransitionoverChina.TheTCIshowsstrongupper-leveldivergence,strengthenedlow-levelconvergenceandsignificantlyenhancedupwardmotionundertheinfluenceofstrongupper-leveltroughsandhigh-leveljets.TheTCIiscorrespondinglyintensifiedafterExtratropicalTransition(ET);TCWexhibitsstrongupper-leveldivergence,subduedlow-levelconvergenceandslightlyenhancedupwardmotionundertheinfluenceofweakupper-leveltroughsandhigh-leveljets.ItthenweakensafterET.Theincrease(decrease)ofthegenerationofkineticenergybydivergencewindinTCI(TCW)atlowlevelisoneofthemajorreasonsforTCI’sintensification(TCW’sweakening)aftertransformation.Thegenerationofkineticenergybydivergencewindiscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofalow-levelbaroclinicfrontalzone.ThegrowthofthegenerationofkineticenergybyrotationalwindinTCIatupperlevelisfavorableforTCI’smaintenance,whichisaffectedbystrongupper-leveltroughs.ThedissipationofthegenerationofkineticenergybyrotationalwindinTCWatupperlevelisunfavorableforTCW’smaintenance,whichisaffectedbyweakupper-leveltroughs.

简介：Thedifferencesintheclimatologyofextratropicaltransition(ET)ofwesternNorthPacifictropicalcyclones(TCs)wereinvestigatedinthisstudyusingtheTCsbest-trackdatasetsofChinaMeteorologicalAdministration(CMA),JapanMeteorologicalAgency(JMA)andtheJointTyphoonWarningCenter(JTWC).TheresultsshowthattheETidentification,ETcompletiontime,andpost-ETdurationreportedintheJTWCdatasetaregreatlydifferentfromthoseinCMAandJMAdatasetsduring2004-2010.However,thekeydifferencesbetweentheCMAandJMAdatasetsfrom1951to2010aretheETidentificationandthepost-ETduration,becauseofinconsistentobjectiveETcriteriausedinthecenters.FurtheranalysisindicatesthatannualETpercentageofCMAwaslowerthanthatofJMA,andexhibitedaninterannualdecreasingtrend,whilethatofJMAwasanunchangedtrend.ThewesternNorthPacificETeventsoccurredmainlyduringtheperiodJunetoNovember.ThelatitudeofEToccurrenceshiftednorthwardfromFebruarytoAugust,followedbyasouthwardshift.MostofETeventswereobservedbetween35°Nand45°N.Fromaregionalperspective,TCstendedtoundergoETinJapanandtheoceaneasttoit.ItisfoundthatTCswhichexperiencedtheETprocessathigherlatitudesweregenerallymoreintenseattheETcompletiontime.TCscompletingtheEToverlandoroffshorewereweakerthanthosefinishingtheETovertheocean.MostoftheTCsweakened24hbeforethecompletionofET.Incontrast,21%(27%)oftheTCsshowedanintensificationprocessbasedontheCMA(JMA)datasetduringthepost-ETperiod.TheresultspresentedinthisstudyindicatethatconsistentETdeterminationcriteriaareneededtoreducetheuncertaintyinvolvedinETidentificationamongthecenters.

简介：Fifty-eightextratropicaltransition(ET)casesintheyears2000-2008,including2,021observations(at6-hourintervals),overthewesternNorthPacificareanalyzedusingthecyclonephasespace(CPS)method,inanefforttogetthecharacteristicsofthestructureevolutionandenvironmentalconditionsoftropicalcyclones(TCs)duringEToverthisarea.ClusteranalysisoftheCPSdatasetshowsthatstrongTCsaremorelikelytoundergoET.ETbeginswiththeincrementofthermalasymmetryinTCs,alongwiththegenerationandintensificationofanupper-levelcoldcore,andendswiththeoccurrenceofalower-levelcoldcore.ETlastsanaveragedurationofabout28hours.Dynamiccompositeanalysisoftheenvironmentalfieldofdifferentclustersshowsthat,ingeneral,whenTCsmovenorthward,theyaregraduallyembeddedinthewesterliesandgraduallytransformintoextratropicalcyclonesundertheinfluenceofthemid-andhigher-latitudebaroclinicsystems.AsforthoseTCswhichcompleteET,thereisalwaysmuchgreaterpotentialvorticitygradientinthenorthwestofthemandobviouswatervaportransportchannelsintheenvironment.