简介：IntroductionInChina,itisnotuncommonforstudentstobetreatedaspassiverecipientsinclass.Theyaretrainedinthiswayfromprimaryschool.Sobythetimetheyentercollege,notonlyaretheyaccustomedtotheroleofsubmissivestudentfollowingtheleadofadominantteacher,buttheyalsoquitewelcomeit,fortheydon’thavetotakeanyinitiativeinclass,theyjustwaittobefilledwithknowledge.Students’hesitancytoparticipateactivelyinclasscomesnotjustfromstudentsthemselvesbutalsofromsometeachers,whosticktotheforce-feedingmethodbecauseitisaneasywayforthemtoconductaclass.SoIstartedtotryandchangethissituation.IdesignedateachingplaninwhichIuseddifferenttechniquestoprovidethestudentswithlotsofopportunitiestobeactiveparticipantsinclass.Someofthetechniquesusedaredescribedbelow.

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简介：Thetransportofdangerousgoodsalwaysrepresentsapotentialrisktolife,humanhealth,property,andenvironmentalprotection.Forthisreasonandinordertopreservethelivesandhealthoftheparticipantsinthetransportprocess,adequateprotectionmeasuresmustbetakenbefore,during,andafterthetransportofdangerousgoods.Sincetherailwayitselfisarecipientofdangerousgoodsthatareessentialforitsownoperation,andisalsoacarrieroflargequantitiesofvariousdangerousgoods,thesemeasuresareofparamountimportance.Thispaperexamines,fromapointofviewoftheprotectionoflivesandhealthoftheparticipantsinthetransportprocessandthesafetransportofdangerousgoods,theconditionsofshipmentandtransportofdangerousgoods,theobligationsoftheparticipants,andtheessentialwaysfortheirproperhandling.Properapplicationofsafetyatworkpreventsimpromptuandindolentattitudeintransportingdangerousgoods,thuscontributingtoprotectionofpeoplelivesandhealth.Finally,thispaperincludespreventivemeasuresandbasicprinciplesforimplementationofsafetyatworkinthetransportofdangerousgoods.

简介：前列腺癌症预防选拔赛(PCPT)是泌尿学的领域里的精液的研究。在它的起始的出版以后的超过10年，从这试用的更新的数据继续塑造我们前列腺癌症的理解。一旦想了在正常范围，在从PCPT的主要调查结果之中是前列腺癌症在有前列腺特定的抗原(PSA)的人是普通的示范，1finasteride阻止良性的prostatic肥大的发展，2它而且增加PSA3和数字直肠的examination.4的敏感PCPT帮助建立在可勃起的机能障碍和心血管的疾病之间的连接，5并且也许，最重要地，finasteride表明了25%相对风险reduc

简介：Toimprovetheperformanceofthesupplychainwithonesupplierandmultipleretailersunderdeter-ministicprice-sensitivecustomerdemand,anoptimalstrategyisproposedbasedonknowledgediscovery.Firstthedecentralizedsysteminwhichthesupplierandtheretailersareindependent,profit-maximizingparticipantswiththesupplieractingasaStackelberggameleaderisstudied.Numericalexamplesillustratetheimportanceofthecoordination.Theconventionalquantitydiscountmechanismneedstobemodifiedtocoordinatethesupplychain,soarevenue-sharingcontractisproposedtocoordinatesuchsupplychain.Lastly,aspecialdecisionundercertaindemandratesisstudied.Thepricingandreplenishmentpoliciescanbedecidedsequentially,whichyieldsmuchlesslosscomparingwithoptimaldecisionwhenthedemandratesaresufficientlylarge.

简介：AbstractBackground:The relationship of uric acid (UA) with the thyroid function among healthy individuals remains unclear. We aimed to examine the relationship between UA contents and thyroid hormone levels in healthy Chinese individuals.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 1186 Chinese adults (736 men and 450 women) who underwent a health check-up at the Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (Shanghai, China) between January 1, 2010 and July 31, 2018. Clinical and thyroid hormone levels were compared in different UA groups (in male and menopause women groups, MG1: UA < 5 mg/dL; MG2: 5 mg/dL ≤ UA< 7 mg/dL; and MG3: UA ≥ 7 mg/dL; in female groups, FG1 to FG3 represent the UA levels of <4 mg/dL, 4 mg/dL ≤ UA< 6 mg/dL, and ≥6 mg/dL, respectively). In addition, natural cubic spline regression, together with Pearson correlation analysis, was performed in investigating the correlation of UA with thyroid hormones.Results:After adjusting for confounding factors, low levels of UA (for males, UA < 5.30 mg/dL; for females, UA < 4.05 mg/dL) were negatively correlated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) both in men and women. UA levels between 4.83 and 6.06 mg/dL may act to protect FT3 in women, while UA levels between 6.39 and 7.09 mg/dL may protect FT3 in men. FT3 levels of low-range UA group reduced compared with mid-range UA and the high-range UA groups in both men and women.Conclusions:Our results provide epidemiologic evidence to support the negative correlation between low UA contents and FT3 in the Chinese Han population, suggesting that the reduced UA contents may serve as the risk factor to predict poor thyroid function in Chinese individuals.

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简介：AbstractBackground:High sodium intake is an important risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, the association between gut microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles with dietary sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) is not well-understood. The metabolome, microbiome, and dietary salt intervention (MetaSalt) study aimed to investigate microbial and metabolomic profiles related to dietary sodium intake and BP regulation.Methods:This family-based intervention study was conducted in four communities across three provinces in rural northern China in 2019. Probands with untreated prehypertension or stage-1 hypertension were identified through community-based BP screening, and family members including siblings, offspring, spouses, and parents were subsequently included. All participants participated in a 3-day baseline examination with usual diet consumption, followed by a 10-day low-salt diet (3 g/d of salt or 51.3 mmol/d of sodium) and a 10-day high-salt diet (18 g/d of salt or 307.8 mmol/d of sodium). Differences in mean BP levels were compared according to the intervention phases using a paired Student's t-test.Results:A total of 528 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 48.1 years, 36.7% of whom were male, 76.8% had a middle school (69.7%) or higher (7.1%) diploma, 23.4% had a history of smoking, and 24.4% were current drinkers. The mean arterial pressure at baseline was 97.2 ± 10.5 mm Hg for all participants, and significantly decreased during the low-salt intervention (93.8 ± 9.3, P < 0.0001) and subsequently increased during the high-salt intervention (96.4 ± 10.0, P < 0.0001).Conclusions:Our dietary salt intervention study has successfully recruited participants and will facilitate to evaluate the effects of gut microbiota and metabolites on BP regulation in response to sodium burden, which will provide important evidence for investigating the underlying mechanisms in the development of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.Trial registration:The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry database (ChiCTR1900025171).

简介：AbstractBackground:The risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is influenced by genetic predisposition, sex, and lifestyle. Previous research indicates that coffee is a potentially protective factor in CKD. The current study aims to investigate whether sex disparity exists in the coffee–CKD association, and whether genetic risk of CKD or genetic polymorphisms of caffeine metabolism affect this association.Methods:A total of 359,906 participants from the UK Biobank who were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 were included in this prospective cohort study, which aimed to estimate the hazard ratios for coffee intake and incident CKD using a Cox proportional hazard model. Allele scores of CKD and caffeine metabolism were additionally adjusted for in a subsample with qualified genetic data (n = 255,343). Analyses stratified by genetic predisposition, comorbidities, and sex hormones were performed. Tests based on Bayesian model averaging were conducted to ascertain the robustness of the results.Results:Coffee was inversely associated with CKD in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of coffee did not differ across different strata of genetic risk for CKD, but were more evident among slower genetically predicted caffeine metabolizers. Significant sex disparity was observed (P value for interaction = 0.013), in that coffee drinking was only associated with the risk reduction of CKD in females. Subgroup analysis revealed that testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), but not estradiol, modified the coffee–CKD association.Conclusions:In addition to the overall inverse coffee–CKD association that was observed in the general population, we could also establish that a sex disparity existed, in that females were more likely to experience the benefit of the association. Testosterone and SHBG may partly account for the sex disparity.