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简介：Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunisedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.

简介：Intoday'sInternetcomputingworld,illegalactivitiesbycrackersposeaseriousthreattocomputersecurity.Itiswellknownthatcomputerviruses,Trojanhorsesandotherintrusiveprogramsmaycausesevereandoftencatastrophicconsequences.Thispaperproposesanovelsecurecomputerarchitecturebasedonsecurity-code.Everyinstruction/datawordisaddedwithasecurity-codedenotingitssecuritylevel.Externalprogramsanddataareautomaticallyaddedwithsecurity-codebyhardwarewhenenteringacomputersystem.Instructionwithlowersecurity-codecannotrunorprocessinstruction/datawithhighersecuritylevel.Security-codecannotbemodifiedbynormalinstruction.Withminorhardwareoverhead,thenewarchitecturecaneffectivelyprotectthemaincomputersystemfromdestructionortheftbyintrusiveprogramssuchascomputerviruses.FormostPCsystems,itincludesanincreaseofword-lengthby1bitonregisters,thememoryandtheharddisk.

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简介：Inrecentyears,therearemanycrimesrelateddrugfraudoccuringinChinaandmanyexpertsthinkthatthemaincauseisthatChinaFoodandDrugAdministration(CFDA)adoptsannouncedinspection(AI).Inordertocircumventthisdifficulty,CFDAhasexploitedunannouncedinspection(UI)since2014.Inthispaper,theauthorsstudytheproblemofwhichoneperformsbetter,AIorUI.Specifically,theauthorsconsiderasupervisor,whichdecidestheinspectionapproach,inspectionstrengthandpunishmenttoforcethefirmtoputself-inspectionefforttomeettherequirementsofGoodManufacturingPractice,andafirm,whichproducesadruganddecidesitsself-inspectioneffort.Theauthorsusegametheorytomodelthisproblem,characterizetheequilibriumpoliciesunderAI,andcomparetheeffectsofthetwoapproachesonpreventingdrugfraudundercompleteandincompleteinformation.Theresultsshowthatunderthecompleteinformation,UIperformsbetterifthefirm'stechnicallevelandtheinspectioncostarelowandAIperformsbetterotherwise.Whenthesupervisordoesn'tknowthefirm'stechnicallevel,ifthelowtechnicallevelishigh,AIperformsbetter.Otherwise,UIperformsbetteriftheinspectioncostislowandAIperformsbetteriftheinspectioncostishigh.

简介：AbstractA novel bat-origin coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and continues to spread across China and the world. At the time of writing, a massive global response has been implemented to control the disease as it spreads from person to person. Yet the high-risk human-wildlife interactions and interfaces that led to the emergence of SARS-CoV and of 2019-nCoV continue to exist in emerging disease hotspots globally. To prevent the next epidemic and pandemic related to these interfaces, we call for research and investment in three areas: 1) surveillance among wildlife to identify the high-risk pathogens they carry; 2) surveillance among people who have contact with wildlife to identify early spillover events; and 3) improvement of market biosecurity regarding the wildlife trade. As the emergence of a novel virus anywhere can impact the furthest reaches of our connected world, international collaboration among scientists is essential to address these risks and prevent the next pandemic.

简介：我们期望有机体发展了机制收集并且使用在他们的环境以内可得到的信息，到向将给最大的健康回来的特点驾驶资源投资决定。Pheromones是社会信号，哪个是充当配偶存在的指示物的一个普通目的。因而，pheromones有潜力充当信号在竞争生活历史特点的上增加或维持繁殖投资。在蟑螂，Nauphoetacinerea(奥利弗)，当没有男性，和男性时，女性们付在复制维持投资的费用生产被知道完成女繁殖结果的pheromones。是否pheromones对资源生理学的影响是未知的。我们最新使eclosed女性遭到了到也男pheromones或控制的合成混合。我们把了在7，12，17或22天的女性。我们在vitellerium以内测量了apoptosis层次和所有卵母细胞的尺寸，并且测量了干燥胖身体质量。合成男pheromone混合没在女繁殖或体的资源生理学的任何措施上有效果。尽管否定结果总是是有问题的，在过去的合成pheromone方法的成功建议女性们可能对在pre-oviposition时期的男pheromones感觉迟钝，并且可以依靠为卵母细胞维护和生长作为暗示交配刺激而非pheromone。在女复制上报导男pheromones的效果的以前的研究建议pheromone敏感的时期可能在交配和出生之间。

简介：到控制的各种各样的方法在桥牌附近搜索墩被建议了。在现在的学习，电报或领子和领子的应用程序试验性地被检验，作为对在光滑的圆形的桥墩的本地搜索的反措施，近到一致沉积运动的开始的阀值流动条件。结果证明电报和领子的同时的使用在减少scour深度有高效率。最好的配置被作出对有利的裁决0.15的电缆线码头直径比率和15的线角度???????????????????????六?栠摹潲潬楧??????????吗？？

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简介：AbstractBackground:Obesity is a fundamental factor in metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and atherosclerosis. However, effective preventive measures are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate different surgical protocols for removing partial adipose tissue before the onset of obesity and determine whether, and by which protocol, preliminary adipose removal could exert potent preventive effects against diet-induced metabolic disorders.Methods:Male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) knockout (KO) mice were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to epididymal fat removal (Epi-FR) surgery, subcutaneous fat removal (suQ-FR) surgery, both subcutaneous and epididymal fat removal (Epi + suQ-FR) surgery, or sham-operation. After 1 week of recovery, all mice were given a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce metabolic disorders.Results:In the Epi-FR group and the sham-operated group, the mean numbers of the residual subcutaneous fat were 28.59 mg/g and 18.56 mg/g, respectively. The expression of relative genes such as Pparg, Cebpa, Dgat2, Fabp4 and Cd36 in the residual subcutaneous fat increased 2.62, 3.90, 3.11, 2.06, 1.78 times in the Epi-FR group compared with that in the sham-operated group. Whereas in the other fat-removal groups, the residual fat depots had no significant change in either size or gene expression, as compared with those of the sham-operated group. Plasma lipid and glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, as detected by the glucose tolerance test, were not significantly alleviated in the three fat removal groups. Liver mass or lipid content was not attenuated in any of the three fat removal groups. The atherosclerosis burdens in the entire inner aorta and aortic root did not decrease in any of the three fat removal groups.Conclusions:Our data suggest that removal of epididymal adipose or subcutaneous adipose alone or in combination before the onset of obesity did not protect against hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, fatty liver, or atherosclerosis in LDL-R KO mice fed with a HFD. Hence, adipose removal possibly does not represent a potential approach in preventing obesity-related metabolic disorders in the obesity-susceptible population.

简介：Todeterminethevalueofdissectingtherecurrentlaryngealnerveduringthyroidsurgerywithrespecttopreventingrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjury,weretrospectivelyanalyzedclinicaldatafrom5344patientsundergoingthyroidectomy.Amongthesecases,548underwentdissectionoftherecurrentlaryngealnerve,while4796didnot.Therewere12casesofrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjuryfollowingrecurrentlaryngealnervedissection(injuryrateof2.2%)and512casesofrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjuryinthosenotundergoingnervedissection(injuryrateof10.7%).Thisdifferenceremainedstatisticallysignificantbetweenthetwogroupsintermsoftypeofthyroiddisease,typeofsurgery,andnumberofsurgeries.Amongthe548casesundergoingrecurrentlaryngealnervedissection,128developedanatomicalvariationsoftherecurrentlaryngealnerve(incidencerateof23.4%),butnorecurrentlaryngealnerveinjurywasfound.Inaddition,theincidenceofrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjurywassignificantlylowerinpatientswiththeinferiorparathyroidglandandmiddlethyroidveinsusedaslandmarksforlocatingtherecurrentlaryngealnervecomparedwiththosewiththeentryoftherecurrentlaryngealnerveintothelarynxasalandmark.Thesefindingsindicatethatanatomicalvariationsoftherecurrentlaryngealnervearecommon,andthatdissectingtherecurrentlaryngealnerveduringthyroidsurgeryisaneffectivemeansofpreventingnerveinjury.

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简介：摘要INTRODUCTIONWe examined the effectiveness of early rehabilitation for the prevention of postintensive care syndrome (PICS), characterised by an impaired physical, cognitive or mental health status, among survivors of critical illness.METHODSWe performed a systematic literature search of several databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and a manual search to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of early rehabilitation versus no early rehabilitation or standard care for the prevention of PICS. The primary outcomes were short-term physical-related, cognitive-related and mental health-related outcomes assessed during hospitalisation. The secondary outcomes were the standardised, long-term health-related quality of life scores (EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ5D) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Function Scale (SF-36 PF)). We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to rate the quality of evidence (QoE)．RESULTSSix RCTs selected from 5105 screened abstracts were included. Early rehabilitation significantly improved short-term physical-related outcomes, as indicated by an increased Medical Research Council scale score (standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.38, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.66, P＝0.009) (QoE: low) and a decreased incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.82, P＝0.01, QoE: low), compared with standard care or no early rehabilitation. However, the two groups did not differ in terms of cognitive-related delirium-free days (SMD: －0.02, 95% CI －0.23 to 0.20, QoE: low) and the mental health-related Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score (OR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.12, QoE: low). Early rehabilitation did not improve the long-term outcomes of PICS as characterised by EQ5D and SF-36 PF.CONCLUSIONSEarly rehabilitation improved only short-term physical-related outcomes in patients with critical illness. Additional large RCTs are needed.

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简介：摘要BackgroundIt is important to prevent the development of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) in acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, but no effective treatment has been clearly identified. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is one of the treatment options in acute CO poisoning; however, whether it can prevent the development of DNS is controversial.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of normobaric oxygen (NBO) and HBO in preventing DNS.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted on all patients with CO poisoning admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital from 2016 to 2019. We followed-up patients to determine whether symptoms of DNS occurred at ≤6 months. We matched the propensity score to an equivalent distribution of potential covariates.ResultsA total of 224 patients with CO poisoning were enrolled in this study. NBO was used for 26 patients and HBO for 198 patients. DNS occurred in 40 patients. There were significant differences between the NBO and HBO groups in terms of carboxyhemoglobin, loss of consciousness, dizziness, chest pain, hospitalization, and length of hospital stay. The incidence of DNS was 19.2% in the HBO group, which was higher than the 7.7% observed in the NBO group, but the difference was not significant (P＝0.18). After propensity score matching, the incidence of DNS did not differ between the NBO and HBO groups (8.3% vs. 10.4%, P>0.99)．ConclusionThere was no difference in the incidence of DNS between groups receiving HBO and NBO in acute CO intoxication.

简介：ALLHAT（AntihypertensiveandLipid-LoweringtreatmenttopreventHeartAttackTrial，应用抗高血压和降脂治疗预防心脏病发作研究）是在美国进行的一项前瞻性，随机，双盲，活性药物平行对照试验，始于1994年，共入选了42418名高危高血压患者，黑人占35％，比较了ACE抑制剂（赖诺普利）、钙拮抗剂（络活喜）、α受体阻滞剂与利尿剂（氯噻酮）对终点事件的影响。ALLHAT试验的主要终点是冠心病死亡或非致死性心肌梗死，次要终点是总死亡率、卒中、冠心病联合终点和心血管疾病联合终点。