简介：加框的的结构通常是有石工技术墙的infilled。他们可以在僵硬和力量引起重要增加，减少变丑需求并且增加系统的精力驱散能力。在另一方面，石工技术面板的不规则的安排可以在一些区域导致损坏的集中，与否定效果；例如软的故事机制并且砍在短列的失败。因此，填入墙的存在不应该被忽视，特别在中等、高的seismicity的区域。到这个目的，简单模型为稳固的填入墙是可得到的，例如斜没有紧张神气模型，当有洞的infilled框架足够地没被调查时。在这研究，infilled框架的力量和僵硬上的洞的效果借助于大约150试验性、数字的测试被调查。包含的主要参数被识别，在填入考虑洞的一个简单模型被开发并且由不同研究人员与另外的模型相比求婚了。模型，基于力量和僵硬减小因素的使用，考虑在洞附近增强元素的开的尺寸和存在。建议减小因素的一个应用程序的一个例子也被举。

简介：Consumers'electricitycostkeepsincreasingoverthetimeinmostcountriesacrosstheworld.Themainreasonisthatimportingelectricityfromgenerationplantsfarfromaloadcenterisrelativelyexpensive,ascostsarepaidnotonlyforgenerationbutalsoforenergylossandnetworkuse.Tothisend,itismoreeconomicaltouseelectricitygeneratedbylocaldistributedgenerations.Inordertoreducecustomers'electricitycost,aneweconomicdispatchofsmartdistributionnetworksisproposed.Economicdispatchofsmartdistributionnetworkistomeetloaddemandwiththeleastconsumers'electricitycostconsideringdistributedgenerators,whilerecognizingalloperationallimitsofgenerationandtransmissionfacilitiesinadistributionnetwork.Casestudyshowsthatconsumers'electricitycostcanbereducedbyabout20%througheconomicdispatchofdistributionnetwork.Further,generationcostandemissionofdistributionnetworkarereducedaswell.

简介：InterferogramnoisereductionisaveryimportantprocessingstepinInterferometricSyntheticApertureRadar(InSAR)technique.Themostdifficultyforthisstepistoremovethenoisesandpreservethefringessimultaneously.Tosolvethedilemma,anewinterferogramnoisereductionalgorithmbasedontheMaximumAPosteriori(MAP)estimateisintroducedinthispaper.ThealgorithmissolvedundertheTotalGeneralizedVariation(TGV)minimizationassumption,whichexploitsthephasecharacteristicsuptothesecondorderdifferentiation.Theidealnoise-freephaseconsistingofpiecewisesmoothareasisinvolvedinthisassumption,whichiscoincidentwiththenaturalterrain.Inordertoovercomethephasewraparoundeffect,complexplanefilterisutilizedinthisalgorithm.Thesimulationandrealdataexperimentsshowthealgorithmcanreducethenoiseseffectivelyandmeanwhilepreservetheinterferogramfringesverywell.

简介：最当前的地震设计通过反应减小因素(R)包括结构的非线性的反应。这允许设计者当为非线性的行为和变丑的财务限制时，使用一条线性有弹性的基于力量的途径。事实上，反应减小因素在现代地震代码被使用按比例缩小结构的有弹性的反应。这研究集中于为增强的水泥(RC)的设计设计/构造估计实际R价值在Kathmandu的大楼山谷。韧性并且在Kathmandu的代表性的RC大楼编制被调查。非线性的闲差事分析在结构的模型上被执行以便评估大楼的地震表演。有位于Kathmandu山谷的许多特征的12座代表性的设计不规则的大楼被选择并且学习。而且，效果在韧性因素，造的韧性上的横梁列能力比率，和反应减小因素上的负担路径上编制，被检验。最后，结果进一步被分析并且与大楼的不同结构的参数相比。

简介：Backgound:Barefoot(BF)runninghasrecentlyincreasedinpopularitywithclaimsthatitismorenaturalandmayresultinfewerinjuriesduetoareductioninimpactloading.However,noviceBFrunnersdonotnecessarilyimmediatelyswitchtoaforefootstrikepattern.Thismayincreasemechanicalparameterssuchasloadingrate,whichhasheenassociatedwithcertainrunning-relatedinjuries,specifically,tibialstressfractures.patellofemoralpain,andplantariasciitis.ThepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminechangesinloadingparametersbetweentypicalshodrunningandinstructedBFrunningwithreal-timeforcefeedback.Methods:Forty-ninepatientsseekingtreatmentforalowerextremityinjuryranonaforce-sensingtreadmillintheirtypicalshodconditionandthenBFatthesamespeed.WhileBFtheyreceivedverbalinstructionandreal-timefeedbackofverticalgroundreactionforces.Results:While92%ofsubjects(n=45)demonstratedarearfootstrikepatternwhenshod,only2%(n=1)didduringtheinstructedBFrun.Additionally,whileBF47%(n=23)eliminatedtheverticalimpacttransientinalleightstepsanalyzed.AllloadingvariablesofinterestweresignificantlyreducedfromtheshodtoinstructedBFcondition.Theseincludedmaximuminstantaneousandaverageverticalloadingratesofthegroundreactionforce(p<0.0001),stiffnessduringinitialloading(p<0.0001).andpeakmedial(p=0.001)andlateral(p<0.0001)groundreactionforcesandimpulsesinthevertical(p<0.0001).medial(p=0.047),andlateral(p<0.0001)directions.Conclusion:Asimpactloadinghasbeenassociatedwithcertainrunning-relatedinjuries,instructionandfeedbackontheproperforefootstrikepatternmayhelpreducetheinjuryriskassociatedwithtransitioningtoBFrunning.

简介：为了在焊接缺点有效地减少噪音，想象并且保存琐事信息，基于nonsubsampledcontourlet变换(NSCT)焊接缺点图象的一个噪音减小方法和各向异性的散开被建议。第一，焊接缺点图象的X光检查被NSCT分解。然后全部的变化(电视)模型和Catte_PM模型分别地被用于获得的低通行证的部件和通带部件。最后，降噪的图象被反的NSCT综合。试验性的结果显示出那，与有电视散开和适应对比散开的小浪阀值收缩的混合方法相比，建议方法在主观视觉效果的方面有大改进，山峰signal-to-noise比率(PSNR)和吝啬平方的错误(MSE)。噪音更有效地被压制，琐事信息在图象更好被保存。

简介：Weproposeaspeckle-reductionmethodbasedonwavelengthcharacteristicsofspeckleeffectinsyntheticapertureimagingladar(SAIL).Thereturnsignal,whichisthebackscatteringfieldwithspeckleeffectfromtheroughsurfaceoftarget,canbeintegratedoverNchirpperiodsandheterodynedetectedwithalocal-oscillatorsignal.Afterperformingimageprocessingrespectively,thefinalimagecanberegardedastheincoherentsuperpositionoftheNsub-images.Numericalsimulationsindicatetheeffectivenessofthismethod.OurresearchmayfacilitatepracticalapplicationsofSAIL.

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简介：Co(II)-salenwasencapsulatedinMIL-100(Cr)metalorganicframeworkby"shipinabottle"tosynthesizeanewelectrocatalyst,Cosalen@MIL-100(Cr).ThematerialwascharacterizedbyXRD,FT-IR,UV-VisandN2-adsorption.TheCosalen@MIL-100(Cr)modifiedglassycarbonelectrodeexhibitsawell-definedreductionpeakatthepotentialof–0.21Vtowardtheoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)bycyclicvoltammetry(CV)inpH=6.84phosphatebuffer.Almost400mVpositiveshiftofpotentialatCosalen@MIL-100(Cr)modifiedelectrodeforORRcomparedwiththatatbareglassycarbon,indicatesthatCosalen@MIL-100(Cr)possessesexcellentelectrocatalyticactivity.ThetransferrednumberofelectronsforORRwasdeterminedbychronocoulometry.TheresultsuggeststhattheintroductionofCo(II)-salencomplexintoMOFincreasestheelectrocatalyticactivityviaafour-electronreductionpathway.Furthermore,thiselectrocatalystexhibitsgoodstabilityandreproducibility.

简介：Anintegratedmethodbasedonopticalanddigitalimageprocessingispresentedtosuppressspeckleindigitalholography.Aspatiallightmodulatorisadoptedtointroducerandomphasestotheilluminatingbeam.Multiplehologramsarereconstructedandsuperimposed,andtheintensityisaveragedtosmooththenoise.Theadaptivealgorithmbasedonthenonlocalmeansisdesignedtofurthersuppressthespeckle.Thepresentedmethodiscomparedwithothermethods.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatspecklereductionisimproved,andtheproposedmethodiseffectiveandfeasible.

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简介：Simultaneousfunctionalizationandreductionofgrapheneoxide(GO)isrealizedbyrefluxingofGOsuspensionwithpolyetheramine(D2000)followedbythermaltreatmentat120°C.ComparedtoGO,theD2000-treatedGO(GOD2000)becomeshydrophobic,thermallystableandhighlyconductivewithanelectricalconductivityof11S/m,whichisalmost8ordersofmagnitudehigherthanthatofGO.DuetothehighconductivityandimproveddispersionofGO-D2000,itsepoxynanocompositesexhibitasharptransitionfromelectricallyinsulatingtoconductingwithalowpercolationthresholdof0.71vol%.With3.6wt%GO-D2000,theglasstransitiontemperatureoftheepoxynanocompositeis27Khigherthanthatofneatepoxy.

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简介：APt-MoO3/Ccatalyst,aimedtoeliminatetheharmfuleffectofsulfurdioxide（SCb）ontheperformanceofPtnanoparticles（NPs）forcatalysisofoxygenreductionreaction（ORR）inprotonexchangemembranefuelcells（PEMFC）,isdevelopedandcharacterizedbyTEM,XRDandXPS.TheresultsrevealthatPt-MoO3/Ccatalystexhibitsnotonlyahighercatalyticactivity,butalsoabetterSO2poisoningresistanceandabetterrecoveryperformancethanthecommercialPt/Ccatalystdoes.

简介：Thepyrolyzedcarbonsupportedferrumpolypyrrole(Fe-N/C)catalystsaresynthesizedwithorwithoutselecteddopants,p-toluenesulfonicacid(TsOH),byafacilethermalannealingapproachatdesiredtemperatureforoptimizingtheiractivityfortheoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)inO2-saturated0.1mol/LKOHsolution.Theelectrochemicaltechniquessuchascyclicvoltammetry(CV)androtatingdiskelectrode(RDE)areemployedwiththeKoutecky-LevichtheorytoquantitativelyobtaintheORRkineticconstantsandthereactionmechanisms.ItisfoundthatcatalystsdopedwithTsOHshowsignificantlyimprovedORRactivityrelativetotheTsOH-freeone.TheaverageelectrontransfernumbersforthecatalyzedORRaredeterminedtobe3.899and3.098,respectively,forthecatalystswithandwithoutTsOH-doping.Theheat-treatmentisfoundtobeanecessarystepforcatalystactivityimprovement,andthecatalystpyrolyzedat600℃givesthebestORRactivity.Anonsetpotentialandthepotentialatthecurrentdensityof-1.5mA/cm2forTsOH-dopedcatalystafterpyrolysisare30mVand170mV,whicharemorepositivethanthosewithoutpyrolized.Furthermore,thecatalystdopedwithTsOHshowshighertolerancetomethanolcomparedwithcommercialPt/Ccatalystin0.1mol/LKOH.TounderstandthisTsOHdopingandpyrolyzedeffect,X-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)andX-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS)areusedtocharacterizethesecatalystsintermsoftheirstructureandcomposition.XPSresultsindicatethatthepyrrolic-Ngroupsarethemostactivesites,afindingthatissupportedbythecorrespondencebetweenchangesinpyridinic-NcontentandORRactivitythatoccurwithchangingtemperature.SulfurspeciesarealsostructurallyboundtocarbonintheformsofC–Sn–C,anadditionalbeneficialfactorfortheORR.

简介：Sn-dopedTiO_2nanoparticleswithhighsurfaceareaof125.7m~2·g~(-1)aresynthesizedviaasimpleone-stephydrothermaimethodandexploredasthecathodecatalystsupportforprotonexchangemembranefuelcells.ThesynthesizedsupportmaterialsarestudiedbyX-raydiffractionanalysis,energydispersiveX-rayspectroscopyandtransmissionelectronmicroscopy.Itisfoundthattheconductivityhasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheadditionof30mol%SnandPtnanoparticlesarewelldispersedonTi_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2supportwithanaveragesizeof2.44run.ElectrochemicalstudiesshowthattheTi_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2nanoparticleshaveexcellentelectrochemicalstabilityunderahighpotentialcomparedtoVulcanXC-72.Theas-synthesizedPt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2exhibitshighandstableelectrocatalyticactivityfortheoxygenreductionreaction.ThePt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2catalystreservesmostofitselectrochemicallyactivesurfacearea(ECA),anditshalfwavepotentialdifferenceis11mV,whichislowerthanthatofPt/XC-72(36mV)under10hpotentialholdat1.4Vvs.NHE.Inaddition,theECAdegradationofPt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2is1.9timeslowerthancommercialPt/XC-72under500potentialcyclesbetween0.6Vand1.2Vvs.NHE.Therefore,theassynthesizedPt/Ti_(0.7)Sn_(0.3)O_2canbeconsideredasapromisingalternativecathode,catalystforprotonexchangemembranefuelcells.

简介：Graphene(GR)-CdSnanocompositeswithdifferentweightadditionratiosofGRhavebeenassembledbyafacilesolvothermaltreatment.TheGR-CdSnanocompositephotocatalystwithanappropriateratioofGRexhibitsenhancedphotoactivityforselectivereductionofaromaticnitrocompoundstothecorrespondingaromaticaminesinwaterundervisiblelightirradiationascomparedwithblank-CdS.ThecharacterizationofGR-CdSnanocompositephotocatalystsbyacollectionoftechniquesdisclosesthat:i)GRcantunethemicroscopicmorphologyofCdSnanoparticlesandimprovelightabsorptionintensityinthevisiblelightregion;ii)GRscaffoldsactasanelectronreservoirtotrapandshuttletheelectronsphotogeneratedfromCdSsemiconductorunderthevisiblelightillumination;iii)theintroductionofGRenhancestheadsorptioncapacityofGR-CdSnanocompositestowardthesubstrates,aromaticnitrocompounds.ThesynergisticeffectofthesefactorsshouldaccountforthephotoactivityadvancementofGR-CdSnanocompositestowardtheprobereactions.Furthermore,becausethephotogeneratedholesinthesystemaretrappedbythequenchingagentammoniumoxalate,theas-obtainedGR-CdSphotocatalystisstableduringthephotocatalyticreductionreactions.Areasonablemodelhasalsobeenproposedtoillustratethereactionmechanism.

简介：Carbondioxidetransformationtofuelsorchemicalsprovidesanattractiveapproachforitsutilizationasfeedstockanditsemissionreduction.Herein,wereportagas-phaseelectrocatalyticreductionofCO_2inanelectrolyticcell,constructedusingphosphoricacid-dopedpolybenzimidazole(PBI)membrane,whichallowedoperationat170°C.Pt/CandPtMo/CwithvariableratioofPt/Mowerestudiedasthecathodecatalysts.TheresultsshowedthatPtMo/CcatalystssignificantlyenhancedCOformationandinhibitedCH_4formationcomparedwithPt/Ccatalyst.CharacterizationbyX-raydiffraction,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopyandtransmissionelectronmicroscopyrevealedthatmostMospeciesexistedasMoO_3inPtMo/CcatalystsandtheinteractionbetweenPtandMoO_xwaslikelyresponsiblefortheenhancedCOformationratealthoughthesebicomponentcatalystsingeneralhadalargerparticlesizethanPt/Ccatalyst.

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