简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethelatentstructureofanirritablebowelsyndrome(IBS)symptomseverityscaleinapopulationofhealthyadults.METHODS:TheBirminghamIBSsymptomquestionnairewhichconsistsofthreesymptomspecificscales(diarrhea,constipation,pain)wasevaluatedbymeansofstructuralequationmodeling.Wecomparedtheoriginal3-factorsolutiontoageneralfactormodelandabifactorsolutioninalargeinternetsampleofcollegestudents(n=875).Statisticalcomparisonsofcompetingmodelswereconductedbymeansofχ2differencetests.Regardingtheevaluationofmodelfit,weexaminedthecomparativefitindex(CFI)andtheRootMeanSquareErrorofApproximation(RMSEA).RESULTS:ResultsclearlyfavoredabifactormodelofIBSsymptomseverity(CFI=0.99,RMSEA=0.05)whichconsistedofastronggeneralIBSsomatizationfactorandthreesymptomspecificfactors(diarrhea,constipation,pain)basedonthesubscalesoftheBirminghamIBSsymptomquestionnaire.Thefitindicesofthecompetingonefactormodel(CFI=0.85,RMSEA=0.17)andthreefactormodel(CFI=0.97,RMSEA=0.08)wereclearlyinferior.χ2differencetestsshowedthatthedifferencesbetweenthemodelswereindeedsignificantinfavorofthebifactormodel(P<0.001).Correlationsofthefourlatentfactorswithmeasuresofpainsensitivity,somatoformdissociation,fatigueseverity,anddemographicvariablessupportthevalidityofourbifactormodelofIBSspecificsymptomseverity.CONCLUSION:ThefindingssuggestthatIBSsymptomseveritymightbestbeunderstoodasacontinuousandmultidimensionalconstructwhichcanbereliablyandvalidlyassessedwiththeB-IBS.

简介：IntheapplicationofRNAitechnology,itisanessentialsteptodesignsiRNAapplicabletotargetgene.Atpresent,therearemanyresearchesandconclusionsonsiRNAdesign.ThispaperaimstotheinfluencesofmRNAsecondarystructureorsiRNAantisense-strandsecondarystructureonsiRNAsilenceefficiency.Thepaperalsodiscussestheproblemsandsetsoutfurtherinsightsintheresearch.

简介：精子chromatin/DNA正直为父亲的基因信息的精确传播是必要的，并且正常精子染色质结构为使肥沃的精子是重要的能力。精液的常规检查，包括精子集中，活动性和形态学，不在精子染色质结构识别缺点。为它的评价的精子DNA损坏和许多方法的起源被描述。精子DNA损坏的评估看起来是为估计男富饶潜力的一个有用工具在活体内和在试管内。后代上的精子DNA缺点的可能的影响也被讨论。

简介：TheallelicdistributionofEcoRIandBamHIfragmentsofrasfamilygenesbetweenthehumanprimarygastriccancertissuesandthecorrespondingadjacentnormaltissuesdidnotshowanydifferences.ThreegenotypesofBamHIrestrictionfragmentslengthpolymorphismofc-H-raswererevealed.NosignificantdifferencesintheRFLPswereobservedbetweennormalindividualsandgastriccancerpatients.Fourprotooncogenes,c-H-ras,N-ras,c-mycandc-fos,werefoundtobetranscriptionallyactiveinthegastriccancertissuesinsomecasesexamined.Thecomparisonoftheexpressionoftheseoncogenesbetweenthemalignanttissuesandthecorrespondingnormaltissuesshoweddifferentialpatterns.Theexpressionofc-H-rasatcellularlevelwasdetectedwithinsituhybridization.Theenhancedexpressionofc-H-rasinthegastriccancercellswasdemonstrated,butthedegreeoftheexpessionamongthecancercellswasshowntobeheterogeneous.Inaddition,theenhancedexpressionofc-H-raswasseeninthei

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简介：现在的学习被设计从大戟属植物helioscopiaL的整个植物孤立并且评估混合物的抗菌剂活动...各种各样的色析法的技术被用来孤立并且净化混合物。混合物的结构在基础上被阐明光谱数据(1HNMR，13CNMR，1H-1H舒适，HSQC，HMBC，NOESY，红外，和HR-ESI-MS)。新jatrophone类型diterpenoid(14,15-diacetoxy-3-benzoyloxy-7-nicotinoyloxy-9-oxo-jatropha-5E,11E-diene)，命名euphoheliosnoidE(1)，从E的整个植物被孤立。helioscopiaL。对口头的病原体加重1项显示出的重要抗菌剂活动。

简介：ＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＦＩＮＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥ－ＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＨＩＰＳＯＦＩＯＮ－ＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＢＩＯＭＥＤＩＣＡＬＰＯＬＹＥＴＨＥＲＵＲＥＴＨＡＮＥＳＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＦＩＮＥＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥ－ＰＲＯＰＥＲＴＹ...

简介：CyclicADP-ribose(cADPR)isauniversalCa2+mobilizingsecondmessengerinmanydifferentcelltypesandorganisms.cADPRactivatesCa2+releasefromendo/sarcoplasmicreticulumviaryanodinereceptors.Inaddition,Ca2+entrysecondarytoCa2+depletionisatleastoneofthemechanismsinwhichcADPRtriggersCa2+inflow,too.AnaloguesofcADPRhavebeenpreparedbychemicalandchemo-enzymaticroutes.MostoftheanalogueswereanalyzedforbiologicalactivityinintactorpermeabilizedJurkatTcells(ahumanT-lymphomacellline).Asasystematicapproach,analoguesweregroupedaccordingtoalterationsinthebase,thenorthernribose,thesouthernribose,thepyrophosphatebackbone,orincomplexmodifications,comprisingmorethanonepartofthemolecule.Biologicalactivityoftheanaloguesisreviewed,withspecialemphasisonJurkatTcells.

简介：Biomedicalsegmentedpolyetherurethane(SPEU)elastomersarecompositepoly-merswithmicrophaseseparationstructure.VariousattemptsofintroducingionicgroupsintoSPEUhavebeencarriedoutfortheimprovementoftheirbloodcompati-bilities.Weherereportthemechanicalandanticoagulantproperties.Twoseriesofsulfooctylpendantgroupscontainingsegmentedpolyetherurethaneswithwelldefinedfinestructurehavebeensynthesizedinourlab-oratory.ThesulfooctylgroupswereexactlylocatedatthehardsegmentswhentheSPEUswerepreparedfromthereactionofpolytetramethyleneglycol(PTMG)1000-4,4’diphenylmethanediisocyanate(MDI)oligomerswithN-sulfoalkyldiethanolamine

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简介：Drugscancauseobviousdamagetothebrain.Toverifytherelationshipbetweenacupuncture,neurotrophicfactorexpressionandbraincellstructuralchanges,thisstudyestablishedaratmodelofheroinrelapseusingintramuscularinjectionofincreasingamountsofheroin.Duringthedetoxificationperiod,ratmodelsreceivedacupunctureatBaihui(DU20)andDazhui(DU14).Electronmicroscopydemonstratedthatthestructureoftheventraltegmentalareainheroinrelapseratsgraduallybecamenormalizedafteracupuncturetreatment.Immunohistochemicalstainingexhibitedthattheexpressionofbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactorincreasedintheventraltegmentalareafollowingacupuncture.Moreover,theeffectsweresimilartothatofmethadone,atypeofmedicinecalledanopioid.ResultssuggestedthatacupunctureatBaihuiandDazhuiprotectedbrainneuronsagainstinjuryinratswithheroinrelapsebypromotingbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorandglialcellline-derivedneurotrophicfactorexpression.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheinfluenceofstress-relaxationplateondisorganizationandrepairofthecortexbeneaththeplate.Methods:Awashermadeofviscoelasticpolyethylenewasplacedbetweenthescrewandthescrewholeofconventionalstainlessrigidplate(RP)toproduceastressrelaxationplate(SRP).BothSRPandRPwereappliedtoosteotomizedtibiain48NewZealandrabbits.HealingprocessofthefracturewitheitherSRPorRPfixation(control)wascomparativelystudiedwithpolarizedlightmicroscopy,insituhybridizationofcollagenmRNAandimmunohistochemicaltechniquefrom2to36weekspostoperatively.Results:ThestudyofplatedboneremodelingshowedthatthedegreeofcortexosteoporosisbeneaththeplatewassimilarbetweentheSRPandRPgroupwithin12weekspostoperatively.Incomparison,thedisorganizationofbonestructureinSRPgrouphappenedlaterandmilderthanthatofRPgroup,andtherepairprocessbeganat12weeksafterimplantation.Asaconsequence,theabsorptioncavitiesbecamesmallerandthestructureofcollagenfibersbecamewellorientedalongwiththesechangesbypolarizedlightmicroscopy.Inadditiontothese,theinsituhybridizationanalysisofcollagengenesandtheimmunohistochemicalstudyoftypeI,Ⅲcollagenat8to12weeksafterimplantation.fromthistimeon,thechangesabovebecamemoreevidentsignificantlybeforemostofcavitieswererepairedby36weeks.IncontrasttothechangesintheSRPgroup,noexpressionandsynthesisofanykindofcollagencouldbeobservedduring12to36weeksafterimplantationinRPgroup.Conclusions:Withoutremovaloftheboneplate,theSRPfixationnotonlyreducesthedegreeofplatedboneosteoporosis,butalsomakesthedisorganizedbonestructurerestoredtonormalintermsoftheexpressionandsynthesisoftypeIcollagenmRNAofosteoblastslyingonthesurfaceofabsorptioncavities.

简介：AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever, a highly fatal hemorrhagic disease of pigs, which has resulted in great economic losses to the global pork industry, especially in Asia. ASFV particles are comprised of multiple layers encompassing the genomic DNA. Though the capsid structure has been determined, very little is known about the structure of the core shell. The precursor polyprotein pp62 is the structural component of the core shell that gives rise to the p35 and p15 proteins. Herein, we describe the crystal structure of p15 at a resolution of 2.2 Å. The structure of p15 exhibits as a trimeric conformation that is mainly mediated by intermolecular disulfide bonds and supported by multiple hydrogen bond interactions. The button conformation on the surface of adjacent molecules may also play a role in trimeric formation of the ASFV p15. The center of the p15 trimer exhibits opposite electrostatic characteristics on each side. These findings benefit our understanding of ASFV core shell assembly and will aid in the design of antiviral drugs and vaccines.

简介：Aim:Tostudythestrengthandmicrostructureoftrace-Ti-bearingstracturesteel.MaterialsandMethods:ThestrengthandmicrostructureofthetraceTibearingstructuresteelwerestudiedbytwokindsofcontrolledcoolingsimulationtestingresultsinthefirststagecoolingandthelaststagecoolingafterhotpressdeformationinthetrace-Ti-bearingstructuresteel.Results:Itshowedthattheferritegrainsize,therelativecontributionoftheinvolvedstrengthandthemechanicalstrengthwereinfluencedmoreorlessbydifferentcoolingrates.Boththerefinementofferritegrainandtheincreaseofmechanicalstrengthcouldbeobtainedbytheproperdecreaseofwatercoolinginterruptiontemperature(WTI)andcoilingtemperature(CT)inthefirststagecoolingortheproperincreaseofwatercoolingbeginningtemperature(WTB)andproperdecreaseofcoilingtemperature(CT)inthelaststagecooling.Conclusion:Thestrength,theferritegrainrefinementandtheyieldtensileratiointhefirststagecoolingprocessaremuchbetterthanthoseinthelaststagecoolingprocess.

简介：这研究被组织看作为一种强壮的抗氧化剂，维生素E是否能影响para-nonylphenol(p-NP)在它的发展期间引起的睾丸结构的畸形。在交配以后的32只女Wistar老鼠的一个总数被划分成四个组(n=8)：控制，维生素E(100mgkg-1每天)，p-NP(250mgkg-1每天)并且p-NP+维生素E。老鼠从怀孕的第七天被对待到第二十一天为止。在断奶以后，男小狗被划分成一样的组并且口头上地被对待90天。最后，正确睾丸用stereological方法被修理，处理，染色并且学习。当时，睾丸，生精的小管的体积和它的直径，地下室膜的厚度，幼芽的上皮的高度，类型A和Bspermatogonia的全部的数字，spermatocyte，spermatid和Sertoli房间的重量和体积显著地在p-NP组被减少与另外的组相比。在上述参数上补偿p-NP的不利效果的维生素E和p-NP的合作管理。另外，有仅仅维生素E的处理在直径，地下室膜厚度和幼芽的上皮的高度引起了重要增加，spermatogonia和spermatocytes的数字。有p-NP的维生素E的合作管理能在它的发展期间在睾丸结构上阻止p-NP的不利效果。

简介：AbstractBackground:Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique has not been used as a diagnostic tool for diabetes in clinical practice. This study was linked to structural changes in hemoglobin (Hb) in type 2 diabetes patients at higher levels of HbA1C using FTIR spectroscopy.Methods:Fifty-three diabetic patients from the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan were categorized as group A (6% < HbA1C < 7%; n = 25) and group B (HbA1C ≥9%; n = 28). Another group (group N) of twenty blood samples was taken from healthy people from the Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Data from all groups were collected from January 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019. The structure of Hb was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and impact of glucose on the fine structure of HbA1C was estimated.Results:Hb secondary structure erythrocyte parameters were altered by changing glucose concentrations. From FTIR spectra of all three groups it was found that Hb structure was slightly altered in group A, but significantly changed in group B (P < 0.05). There was an increase in β-sheet structure and a reduction in α-helix structure at elevated levels of HbA1C (group B) in type 2 diabetes.Conclusion:We suggest that higher level of glycation reflected by increased HbA1C might be a contributing factor to structural changes in Hb in type 2 diabetic patients. FTIR spectroscopy can be a novel technique to find pathogenesis in type 2 diabetes.

简介：Objective:TostudythedifferencesandsimilaritiesoftheantisensedrugswithdifferentstructuresonthebiologicalfunctionsofK562cells.Methods:Cytotoxiceffectsweremeasuredbyuseofacellviabilityassay.FlowcytometricanalysisandagarosegelelectrophoresisofDNAfragmentationwerealsoperformed.Theexpressionlevelofproteinwasassayedbyimmunofluorescenceusingfluoresceisothiocyanatelabel.Results:PNAtargetingthecodingregionoftheBcl-2messengerRNAcouldeffectivelyinhibitK562cellviability,down-regulatethesynthesisoftheBcl-2proteinandincreasecellapoptosis.By72haftertheBcl-2antisensePNAtreatment,K562cellsshowedmorereductioninthelevelofBcl-2proteincomparedwithcellstreatedwiththeantisenseODN.Aftertreatmentwith10μmol/LofBcl-2antisensePNAorantisenseODNfor72h,apoptoticratesofK562cellswere13.15±1.13and11.72±1.12,respectively.Furthermore,therewassignificantdifferenceinthepercentageofapoptoticcellsbetweenantisensePNAgroupandantisenseODNgroup.Conclusion:TheresultssuggestthatantisensePNAtargetingthecodingregionofBcl-2mRNAhasbetterantisenseeffectsthantheantisenseoligonucleotidesoninducingapoptosisofK562cells.

简介：Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)containsthetwomostimportantorgans,thebrainandspinalcord,fortheorchestrationofthementalandphysicalactivitiesoflife.Becauseofitsimportance,thehumanbodyhasevolvedbarriersystemstoprotectCNStissuefromtheexternalenvironment.Thisbarrierisamembranecomposedoftightlyapposedcellsandisselectivelypermeabletospecificmoleculesbywayofmembranetransporters.Themajorbarriersinthebrainandtheircorrespondingcellularconstituentsarethebloodbrainbarrier(BBB)composedofendothelialcellsinbrain

简介：BackgroundChronickidneydisease(CKD)patientsareathighriskofatherosclerosis.Structuralandelasticchangesofcarotidarterywallreflecttherangeanddegreeofatherosclerosisinperipheralarteries,whichcanbeacquiredbyultrasoundradiofrequency-datatechniqueautomaticallyandprecisely.MethodsAtotalof66CKDpatientswithnegativeresultsonroutinecarotidarteryultrasoundexaminationwereenrolled,and30healthyphysicalexamineeswereselectedascontrols.Patientsweredividedinto3groupsaccordingtoCKDstage:stage1-2,stage3-4andstage5.Clinicalcharacteristicsandthelaboratoryresultswereacquired.Intima-mediathickness(IMT)andcompliancecoefficient(CC)ofcommoncarotidarteryweremeasuredbyultrasoundradiofrequencydatatechnique(QIMTandQAS).PredictorsofIMTandCCwereanalyzedrespectively.ResultsAmongthe66patients,15wereonstage1-2,15onstage3-4and36onstage5accordingtoeGFR.ThecommoncarotidarteryIMT(CCIMT)ofalltheCKDgroupsexceptpatientsonstage1-2wassignificantlyincreasedwhencomparedwithcontrols.TheCCofcarotidarterysignificantlywasdecreasedineveryCKDgroupcomparedwithcontrols.AgeandCKDstageweresignificantpredictorsofCCIMTandCCinCKDpatients(P<0.05).AgingandadvancedCKDstagewereassociatedwithincreasedCCIMT(OR=4.855and4.969)anddecreasedCC(OR=32.178and14.068).ConclusionsRadiofrequency-datatechniquecandetectthesmallchangesofstructureandelasticityofcarotidarterywallinCKDpatients.CKDpatientshaveincreasedIMTanddecreasedelasticityofcarotidarterycomparedwithhealthysubjects.AgingandadvancedCKDstageareassociatedwithincreasedCCIMTanddecreasedCC.

简介：EuphorbiakansuiisacommonlyusedtraditionalChinesemedicineforthetreatmentofedema,pleuraleffusion,andasthma,etc.Accordingtothepreviousresearches,terpenoidsinE.kansuipossessvariousbiologicalactivities,e.g.,anti-virus,anti-allergy,antitumoreffects.Inthiswork,twentyfiveterpenoidswereisolatedfromE.kansui,includingthirteeningenane-andeightjatrophane-typediterpenoids(withtwonewcompounds,kansuininPandQ)andfourtriterpenoids.EighteenofthemwereanalyzedbyMTSassayforinvitroanticanceractivityinfivehumancancercelllines.Structure-activityrelationshipfor12ingenane-typediterpenoidsincolorectalcancerColo205cellswerepreliminarystudied.Significantanti-proliferationactivitieswereobservedinhumanmelanomacellsbreastcancerMDA-MB-435cellsandColo205cells.Morethanhalfoftheisolatedingenane-typediterpenoidsshowedinhibitoryactivitiesinMDA-MB-435cells.Eightingenane-andonejatrophane-typediterpenoidspossessedmuchlowerIC_(50)valuesinMDA-MB-435cellsthanpositivecontrolstaurosporine.Preliminarystructure-activityrelationshipanalysisshowedthatsubstituentonposition20wasimportantfortheactivityofingenane-typediterpenoidsinColo205cellsandsubstituentonposition3contributedmoresignificantbiologicalactivityofthecompoundsthanthatonposition5inbothMDA-MB-435andColo205cells.