简介：<正>1IntroductionLithiumanditscompoundsasajointofrisingindustriesnewenergysources,newmaterials,andinformationtechniquehavebecomemoreandmoreimportantrecentyears.Especiallylithiumionbatterieswithbiggerorsmaller

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简介：AbstractBackground:China still suffers heavily from rabies, although reported human cases continue to decrease year over year. There are far fewer laboratory-confirmed human cases than clinically diagnosed cases, which is a big problem that needs to be addressed. In this report, we summarize analyses of all specimens from human cases tested in our laboratory over the past 15 years, in order to promote laboratory diagnosis of rabies.Methods:From 2005 to 2019, a total of 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases were collected from local hospitals by the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in China. Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum (blood) and urine were collected for ante-mortem diagnosis, and brain tissue, neck skin tissue and cornea were collected for post-mortem diagnosis. All of the specimens were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and brain tissues were also tested using fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The number of positive test results obtained using different fluids or tissues, and at different stages of the disease, were compared using a chi-square test and a more effective sampling program is recommended.Results:As the national reference laboratory for rabies surveillance in China, our laboratory has tested 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases collected by local CDCs since 2005. We found that saliva gave the highest number of positive test results (32%), compared with CSF and other fluids. We also found that serum or blood specimens collected in the last 3 days of life can test positive by RT-PCR.Conclusions:Serum or blood samples collected in the last 3 days of a patient’s life can be used to measure viral RNA, which means that serum samples, as well as saliva and CSF, can be used to detect viral RNA for anti-mortem diagnosis of rabies. Because of our findings, we have modified our "National Surveillance Project for Human Rabies", by adding the collection and testing of serum samples from the end of the survival period. This will improve our national surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of human rabies.

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简介：SPSS13.0wasusedtoprocessthedataofthe1-6batchofkeyculturalrelicconservationunitspromulgatedbytheStateAdministrationofCulturalHeritageofChina;andmulti-elementevaluationmethodwasusedtocalculatethecompositedistributionindex.ThespatialdistributionofculturalrelicsofprovincesinChinacanbedividedintofourgrades,namely:veryrichareas,richareas,poorareasandverypoorareas;thearticleanalyzesthecharacteristicsofculturalresourcesinspatialandtemporaldistribution.Thepaperholdsthat(1)thedistributionofChina'sculturalrelictourismresourcesisrelativelyconcentrated,differentsharplyfromregiontoregion,withmoreHannation'sheritage,lessrelicsoftheethnicminorities;(2)Henan,Hebei,Shaanxi,ShanxiProvincearethemainregionswithheavydistributionofculturalresources;(3)relicsappearedinspecifictimeperiodsinChina'shistory.MingandQingDynasties,Sui,TangandFiveDynasties,Song,LiaoandJin,theWesternHan,ShangandZhoudynasties,theNewStoneAgearethemajorperiodsproducingmoreculturalrelics.Thispaperalsoanalyzesrelationshipsoftheemergenceofculturalrelicswithproductiontechnology,specifichistoricalprocess,specificgeographicallocation,politicalsystem,religion,nationalculture,customs,architecturalstylesandtechniquesofthetraditionalculturaleducationalsystem.Finally,thepaperdiscussesthedevelopmentandprotectionofheritage.

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简介：Cr2O3canbesinteredwellat1500℃incarbon-embeddedconditionorH2atmosphere.Butthehighchromebearingrefractoriescannotreachdensificationwhensinteredat1700℃for10hinweakreducingatmosphereformedbythecombustionoffuel,anditsapparentporosityisabout18%.Thehighchromebearingrefractoriesaremainlyusedincoalgasifiers.Thetemperatureinthefurnaceisabout1500℃andtheproductsareH2andCO,whicharejustthesinteringconditionsofthedensechromerefractorieswithapparentporositylessthan10%.Thehighchromebearingrefractoriesusedincoalgasifiersmaybesinteredagainandthenshrink,destroyingthegasifierlining.Thethermodynamiccalculationshowsthatitissafeaboutthehighchromebearingrefractoriesusedingasifiers.Itisalsoexplainedthatthehighchromebearingrefractoriescan’tbesintereddenselyinweakreducingatmosphereformedbythecombustionoffuel.Thenewsinteringtechnologiescanbeusedtoimprovethebulkdensityofthehighchromebearingrefractories.

简介：摘要：在美国次贷危机中，影子银行被指控是造成此次金融危机的主要“元凶”之一。随着我国经济增长速率放缓，商业银行的同业、理财等非金融机构业务规模迅速扩大，影子银行逐渐浮出水面。同时，因影子银行自身的信用创造、期限错配等特征使得其积聚了大量的风险。我国影子银行本质上是以商业银行为主导开展的一系列业务，一旦影子银行发生危机，往往具有很强的传染性，容易引发系统性风险，影子银行的监管成为了我国乃至国际金融界重点。本文将介绍影子银行的兴起原因、风险成因、以及监管措施。针对影子银行的两面性，我们应辩证地对待其发展，积极的引导，不应盲目的实行“一刀切”监管。

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简介：摘 要：在当前应对全球气候变暖、发展低碳经济的背景下，能源工业的发展必须认真贯彻落实科学发展观。需要电源、电网、用户等产业链各方的共同努力，来大力发展新能源为基础，以增加系统灵活性资源为保障，推动分布式、微电网与大电网融合发展，构筑坚强电网，加强技术创新和推广应用，实现发电、输配和电力消费系统协同融合、共同发展，助力电力行业率先碳中和。为新时期能源行业以及相关产业发展提供了重要战略指引，有利于加快我国构建清洁低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系步伐。