简介:ReducingtheanthropogenicCO2emissionsfromfossilresourcecombustionandhumanactivitieshasbecomeoneofthemajorchallengeswearefacingtoday.BeyondthosepracticalapplicationsfortheutilizationofCO2,suchasthesynthesisofsalicylicacid,methanol,urea,NaHCO3-Na2CO3chemicalsandrecentlydevelopedpolycarbonatesynthesis,scientistsarestillseekingnewmaterialsandtechnologiesforefficientcapture,
简介:摘要:中等职业学校焊接专业课中,CO2气体保护焊的教学占很大的比例。但在焊接专业各种版本的教科书中,对CO2的实训教学都是以中厚板为例进行讲解的,并没有单独讲述CO2薄板焊的章节。其实,相对于中厚板的焊接教学,薄板焊接的技术难度更大,教学难点也多,教师教起来费劲,学生学起来也很吃力。如果教师能很好地解决了CO2薄板焊接这一课题的教学,对于其它规格板材的教学就很容易进行了。
简介:TheeffortonelectrochemicalreductionofCO2tousefulchemicalsusingtherenewableenergytodrivetheprocessisgrowingfastrecently.Inthisreview,weintroducetherecentprogressesontheelectrochemicalreductionofCO2insolidoxideelectrolysiscells(SOECs).Athightemperature,onlyCOisproducedwithhighcurrentdensitiesandFaradicefficiencywhilethereactoriscomplicatedandabettersealingtechniqueisurgentlyneeded.Thetypicalelectrolytessuchaszirconia-basedoxides,ceria-basedoxidesandlanthanumgallates-basedoxides,anodesandcathodesareintroducedinthisreview,andthecathodematerials,suchasconventionalmetal–ceramics(cermets),mixedionicandelectronicconductors(MIECs)arediscussedindetail.Inthefuture,togainmorevalue-addedproducts,theelectrolyte,cathodeandanodematerialsshouldbedevelopedtoallowSOECstobeoperatedattemperaturerangeof573–873K.Atthosetemperatures,SOECsmaycombinetheadvantagesofthelowtemperaturesystemandthehightemperaturesystemtoproducevariousproductswithhighcurrentdensities.
简介:HouseholdconsumptionisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatinduceCO2emission.Basedoninput-outputmodel,thisarticlecalculatedtheintensityofCO2emissionofdifferentincomegroupsandsevenprovincesinChina,andthenestimatedtotalCO2emissioninducedbyurbanhouseholdconsumptionfrom1995to2004inChinabasedonstatisticdataofhouseholdlivingexpenditure.TheresultsshowthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionhadincreasedfrom1583to2498kgCO2during1995-2004.Theratioofconsumption-inducedCO2emissiontototalCO2emissionhadrisenfrom19%to30%inthepastdecade.IndirectCO2emissionaccountedforanimportantpartoftheconsumption-inducedemission,theratioofindirectemissiontoconsumption-inducedemissionhadrisenfrom69%to79%duringthesameperiod.Asignificantdifferenceinconsumption-inducedCO2emissionacrossdifferentincomegroupsanddifferentregionshasbeenobserved.CO2emissionpercapitaofhigherincomegroupsanddevelopedregionsincreasedfasterthanthatoflowerincomegroupsanddevelopingregions.ChanginglifestylehasdrivensignificantincreaseinCO2emission.Especially,increasesinprivatetransportexpenditure(forexample,vehicleexpenditure)andhousebuildingexpenditurearekeydrivingfactorsofgrowthinconsumption-inducedCO2emission.TherearebigdifferencesintheamountofCO2emissioninducedbychangeinlifestyleacrossdifferentincomegroupsandprovinces.Itcanbeexpectedthatlowerincomehouseholdsanddevelopingregionswillincreaseconsumptiontoimprovetheirlivingswithincomegrowthinthefuture,whichmayinducemuchmoreCO2emission.AreasonablelevelofCO2emissionisnecessarytosatisfyhumanneedsandtoimprovelivingstandard,butanoticeablefactisthatCO2emissionpercapitainducedbyhouseholdconsumptionindevelopedareasofChinahadreachedaquitehighlevel.Adjustmentinlifestyletowardsalow-carbonsocietyisinurgentneed.
简介:摘要:CO2气体溶于水中形成碳酸后引起电化学腐蚀,如不及时采取有效措施,将导致油套管的严重破坏甚至油井报废。CO2对油、套管的腐蚀是油田开发的一个亟待解决的重要课题。
简介:摘要:本文就船舶固定 CO2 灭火系统安全使用进行浅析,结合安全事故案例和海洋救助船舶固定CO2灭火系统类型进行分析总结并形成建议。船用固定CO2灭火系统是目前国海上广泛应用的船载消防设备,在发生火灾紧急情况下,用来向机舱、货舱、油漆间等舱室释放CO2,达到灭火目的。
简介:AftertheKyotoProtocolwasimplemented,carbonleakageexertsgreatinfluencesoninternationaltradeandeconomy.Tradecreatesamechanismforconsumerstoshiftenvironmentalpollutionassociatedwiththeirconsumptiontoothercountries.ChinahasovertakentheU.S.astheworld'sbiggestCO2emittersince2006.AsChina'ssecondlargesttradepartner,theU.S.hasthebiggesttradedeficitwithChinawhichhasarousedalotofdisputesbetweenthetwoparties.ButsofartheassessmentsofthetradeimbalanceofChina-U.S.havepaidlittleattentiontoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwiththetradeimbalance.Appliedaninput-outputapproach,thearticleestimatestheamountofCO2embodiedinChina-U.S.tradeduring1997-2007.ItwasfoundthatthroughtradewithChina,theU.S.reduceditsCO2emissionscomparedwithanon-tradescenario.Duetothegreatercarbon-intensityandrelativelylessefficientproductionprocessesofChineseindustry,China-U.S.traderesultedinmoreCO2emissionsinChinaandtheworld.Intheend,thearticlegivessomesuggestions:itisequalandsustainablethattheinternationalaccountingmethodologiesshouldbeimproved,forCO2emissionsresponsibilitymustbedesignedtoaccountforthedynamicnatureofinternationaltrade.
简介:我科采用钳央下CO2激光环切包皮术26例,收到了满意效果。报告如下。1资料与方法:1.1临床资料:本组病例共伤人,均为未成年人。其中包皮过长7人,包茎9人。多因包皮炎、包皮垢、包皮病痒或阻茎勃起时龟头不能暴露等原因前来我科诊治。1.2手术方法:取仰卧位,手术野备皮后常现消毒铺巾,用2%利多卡因于阴茎根部阻滞麻醉,麻醉显效后,术者和助手分别用血管钳提起包皮口两侧作轻轻牵引。若为包茎患者用血管钳扩张包皮口,有粘连者分离包皮内板与阴茎头之间的粘连。于包皮背侧正中用直血管钳经包皮口将包皮全层钳夹一压痕至冠状沟0.5厘米处,直血管钳包绕湿纱布后经包皮口插入压痕处内板与阴茎头之间,以保护明茎头和避免组织经