Traumaticbraininjury(TBI)isamajorpublichealthproblemthroughouttheworld.Morethan400000patientswithTBIintheUnitedStatesofAmericaandmorethanamillionpatientswithTBIinChinaareadmittedtohospitaleveryyear.HeadtraumaisalsoNo.1killerofyoungpeopleinthedevelopedcountriesaswellasinsomedevelopingcountries.Unfortunately,theoutcomeofpatientswithsevereTBIisstillpoorallovertheworld.ThemortalityofsevereTBIpatients(GCS3-8)inmajorityofhospitalsisover30%andverysevereTBIpatients(GCS3-5)isover80%withonly15%functionalrecovery.1,2However,recentadvanceincerebralprotectionbymild(35-33℃)tomoderatehypothermia(32-30℃)iscertainlyencouraging,whichbringsneurosurgeonsthehopetoimprovetheoutcomeofsevereheadinjuredpatients.