Thedevelopmentandplasticityofcentralauditorysystemcanbeinfluencedbythechangeofperipheralneuronalactivity.However,themolecularmechanismparticipatingintheprocessremainselusive.Brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)bindingwithitsfunctionalreceptortropomyosinreceptorkinaseB(TrkB)hasmultipleeffectsonneurons.Hereweusedaratmodelofauditorydeprivationbybilateralcochlearablation,toinvestigatethechangesinexpressionofBDNFandTrkBintheauditorycortexafterauditorydeprivationthatoccurredduringthecriticalperiodforthedevelopmentofcentralauditorysystem.Reversetranscription-quantitativepolymerasechainreaction(RTqPCR)andimmunohistochemistrymethodswereadoptedtodetectthemRNAandproteinexpressionlevelsofBDNFandTrkBintheauditorycortexat2,4,6and8weeksaftersurgery,respectively.ThechangeintheexpressionofBDNFandTrkBmRNAsandproteinsfollowedsimilartrend.Inthebilateralcochlearablationgroups,theBDNF-TrkBexpressionlevelinitiallydecreasedat2weeksbutincreasedat4weeksfollowedbythereductionat6and8weeksaftercochlearremoval,ascomparedtotheage-matchedshamcontrolgroups.Inconclusion,theBDNF-TrkBsignalingisinvolvedintheplasticityofauditorycortexinanactivity-dependentmanner.