简介：The12ththePacificAsianMarginalSeas(PAMS)/JapanandEastChinaSeaStudy(JECSS)(PAMS/JEC-SS)Workshopwasheldon22-24November2003inHangzhou,China.Morethan100scientistsattendedthisworkshop.Therewere57oralpresentationsand43postpresentations,groupedinto7themes,namely,(1)StudiesoftheSouthChinaSea(2)StudiesoftheBohai,HuanghaiandEastChinaSeas

简介：Fifty-sevenstations(48gridstationsandninestratifiedstations)weresampledacrossthestudyregion(67.000°–88.394°N,152.500°–178.643°W)duringthe4thChineseNationalArcticResearchExpedition(CHINARE4)fromJulytoAugust2010bytheicebreakerR/VXuelong.Atotalof24speciesofHydromedusaewereidentifiedfrom130zooplanktonsamples,ofwhichsevenspeciesbelongedtoAutomedusa,eightspeciestoAnthomedusae,fourspeciestoLeptomedudae,andthreespeciestoSiphonophora.CatablemamulticirratumKishinouye,1910,BougainvilliabitentaculataUchida,1925,andEuphysajaponica(Maas,1909)wererecordedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea.Inthepresentpaper,18speciesofHydromedusaeweredescribedandillustrated,ofwhichthreespeciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeintheArcticsea,and15speciesweredescribedforthefirsttimeinChina.

简介：利用FNL再分析资料,统计2008-2012年入海发展江淮气旋并根据气旋不同深厚程度及季节特征分为：暖季深厚型、暖季浅薄型、冬季浅薄型和春初底层型.各类气旋的统计及合成分析表明四类气旋入海基本特征为：入海路径可分为东路和东北路;冬季与初春气旋入海发展增强幅度大于暖季;不同深厚气旋入海后均有下垫面摩擦力减小近海面风力增强,大风区扩大且由气旋偏东位置向东南偏移;暖季气旋入海降水强度增幅明显,并与气旋深厚程度成正比,冬季及春初气旋入海后降水增幅小,春初气旋后部有零散强降水.对入海发展机制的合成诊断显示,气旋中凝结潜热释放对暖季气旋起重要作用,并与气旋深厚程度成正比,对冬季气旋也有正贡献,但对春初底层型气旋无明显作用.春初底层型对海面动力热力影响更敏感,入海后正涡度区的垂直伸展较其它型更显著.而有利于气旋加深的上空辐散中心位置高度与气旋的深厚程度成正比.气旋入海发展中环境因子分析显示,下垫面非绝热加热对冬季和初春气旋作用显著,对暖季气旋影响不明显.高空急流动量下传与下垫面摩擦减弱促使各类气旋增强.湿位涡对暖季气旋有重要正贡献,对深厚气旋作用更强.冬季和初春风场的惯性稳定度和切变稳定度的共同作用有利于气旋增强.1000hPa上湿斜压项MPV2显示的气旋区域温湿锋区位置及强度与入海气旋雨区及雨强对应较好,具有显著指示性.

简介：根据1999年7—8月“雪龙”号考察船在楚科奇海采集的样品，运用PRIMER软件分析该区网采浮游植物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：楚科奇海浮游植物群聚可分为三个生态类群：北极-亚北极类群，主要分布于水深大于2000米且受北冰洋影响较直接的东北部浅水浮冰外缘；北方温带类群，主要分布于水深小于100米的中部浅水浮冰区：广温性类群，主要分布于通过白令海峡与北太平洋进行水交换的南部水域。该区浮游植物平面分布差异大，细胞密度站间变化范围为1．6×10^3～90680．2×10^4，物种多样性指数和均匀度站间变化范围分别为0．07～O．87和0．33～3．82。主成分（PCA）分析表明，对楚科奇海浮游植物分布起支配作用为水温和盐度。此外，由于该海区所处的特殊地理环境，浮冰的位黄及其物理状态（聚集、开裂和消融等）均会增加浮游植物分布的变异。

简介：综述了近10a国内外有关重金属、氨态氮、亚硝酸盐、有机污染物等几种环境因子对虾蟹类非特异性免疫影响的研究成果，以期为通过改善养殖环境条件提高虾蟹类自身免疫抗病力提供理论依据。同时，为进一步深入开展该领域的研究工作积累资料。

简介：基于因子分析对2012-2013年海河流域pH、DO、COD、BOD5、氨态氮和总石油烃等6项水质指标的监测数据进行统计,并对其中四项指标进行水污染综合指数评估,旨在对海河水质进行较为系统的评价。结果显示,BJ1和HB2两个站位水质属于Ⅳ类标准,其余各站位均为Ⅴ类;各站位综合评价结果得到海河流域指数为1.44,说明海河流域处于污染状态,其污染程度超过该流域功能区的标准。因子分析发现,COD、DO和NH3-N之间差异显著（P〈0.05）;主成分分析显示,除pH和BOD5外,其余指标都在0.70以上;COD、DO、NH3-N和TPH的贡献率较高,其中总石油烃的贡献率为100%,因此可以认为该海域的污染类型属于有机污染,且石油烃污染较为突出。

简介：海岛地区拥有丰富的旅游资源,但是生态环境相对脆弱,对海岛旅游地进行生态安全评价,有助于优化旅游发展和生态环境管理。以“压力—状态—响应”(PSR)模型为基础,建立了海岛旅游地生态安全评价指标体系,并使用综合指数法和熵权法分析2015年浙江省和福建省的10个县域和市域海岛旅游地的生态安全水平。实证结果表明:从现状评价看,各海岛旅游地的生态安全水平总体较低,浙江省的生态安全水平总体上高于福建省,其中舟山市的生态安全水平最高;从影响因子看,各海岛县的环境压力较大,经济状态较好,其次是环境状态和社会状态,环境响应较好;海岛旅游地生态安全状态与海岛面积、海岛面积占地域面积比重没有显著的相关关系。

简介：Thegrowth,biochemicalcontentandbioaccumulationquantityof2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether(BDE-47)inSkeletonemacostatumwerestudiedunderdifferentN:Pratios(1,4,16,64and128).AllcellularbiochemicalcontentsofS.costatumpresenteddecreasingtrendovercultivationtime.Atearlystageofcultivation,thecellularprotein,carbohydrateandlipidinS.costatumpresentedhighervaluesintreatmentsofN:P=4and16.However,theywerelowerinthesetreatmentsatthelatestage,buthigherintreatmentsN:P=1and128.Similarly,BDE-47levelspercellofS.costatumwerehigherintreatmentsofN:P=4and16atearlystageofcultivation,whichwere3.8and3.7ng(106cells)-1,respectively.Atthemiddlestageofcultivation,theBDE-47levelperS.costatumcelllowered;anditfurtherreducedinthetreatmentsofN:P=4and16atthelatestagewiththevalues0.6and0.5ng(106cells)-1,respectively.However,itroseinN:P=128,reachingupto2.3ng(106cells)-1.ComparedwithBDE-47percell,BDE-47peralgalvolumeunderdifferentN:Pratiosdidnotpresentobviousdifference.ThequantityBDE-47accumulatedpercellofS.costatumwaspositivelycorrelatedwithprotein,carbohydrateandlipidpercell;meanwhile,theBDE-47pervolumehadapositivecorrelationwithbiochemicalcontentpervolume.ThevariationofbioaccumulationabilityofBDE-47inS.costatumcanbeexplainedbybiochemicalchangesduetoN:Pratios.

简介：有些文献指出：“赤潮发生起因因种而异，但大体上气候气象条件诸如温度、风力、风向，季风转换、气压等；海况、潮汐、流等以及海水的理化特征，如盐度、营养元素等，这些皆会成为某种赤潮爆发的因子或诱导因素”。根据赤潮监控区监测资料分析：在南海赤潮多发区，海水富营养化条件已经具备，因此气象、水文要素条件就成为赤潮爆发的重要启动因子，而天气环流的维持与变化决定了气象、水文要素因子的稳定与变化，再根据赤潮生物培养试验，从初期繁殖到后期的爆发性繁殖，直至达到赤潮生物密度，这一过程一般都需要4—5d的时间。针对这一现象，通过对近10a的赤潮发生个例进行统计分析，统计其生成前期的天气环流形势和水文气象要素，分析出赤潮生成前期的环流模式和筛选出诱发赤潮爆发的重要因子，并依此来作为预报赤潮生成的方法，依照此方法对2003年的赤潮进行预报，其效果是另人满意的。

简介：本研究对滦河口近岸海域19个站点浮游动物群落结构的时空分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。结果表明，共发现浮游动物种类25个。其中，桡足类是最丰富的类群（春季和夏季分别占浮游动物总丰度的93.6%和74.9%）。春、夏季桡足类的种类组成相同，其中，小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanusparvus）和双毛纺锤水蚤（Acartiabifilosa）为两季优势种，都超过桡足类总丰度的15%。春季浮游动物的总丰度比夏季高，它们的平均值分别11657ind/m3和1549ind/m3。One-WayANOVA分析表明，春、夏季浮游动物丰度差异显著（p<0.001）。冗余分析（RDA）表明，盐度和营养盐分别是影响春季和夏季浮游动物分布的主要环境因子。

简介：TiO2filmswereformedonmetallictitaniumsubstratesbytheanodicoxidationmethodinH2SO4solutionunderthe80VD.C..PhasecomponentandmicrostructurewerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD)andscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM).Watercontactanglesontitaniumoxidefilmsurfaceweremeasuredunderbothdarkandsunlightilluminationconditions.Corrosiontestswerecarriedoutinseawaterunderdifferentilluminationconditionsbyelectrochemistryimpedancespectrum(EIS)andpolarizationcurves.TheresultshowedthattheTiO2filmpreparedbytheanodicoxidationmethodwasanatasewithauniformstructureandwithoutobviousporesorcracksonitssurface.Theaveragewatercontactangleofthefilmwas116.4?indark,incontrasttoanangleof42.7?undertheUVilluminationfor2hours,whichdemonstratesgoodhydrophobicproperty.Theanti-corrosionbehavioroftheTiO2filmwasdecliningwiththeextendedimmersiontime.Underdarkconditions,however,thehydrophobicTiO2filmretardedthewaterinfiltratingintothesubstrate.Theimpedancechangedslowlyandthecorrosioncurrentdensitywas2ordersofmagnitudelowerthanthatwiththefilmilluminatedbysunlight.AllofthosementionedaboveindicatethattheTiO2filmpossessesmuchbetterperformanceunderdarkcondition,anditcanbeappliedasanengineeringmaterialunderdarkseawaterenvironment.

简介：为弥补测高数据在近海区域因为编辑准则被剔除而导致近海测量数据质量不高的缺点,利用5参数模型的两种形式和Ice-2模型对Jason-2卫星在中国南海部分海域的海洋回波波形进行了波形重跟踪的研究,并选择20个海洋回波波形,依据最小二乘原理进行计算、分析、对比,发现5参数模型的指数形式的结果和Ice-2模型结果非常接近.研究结果表明,在开阔的海域,对Jason-2波形进行3种方法波形重跟踪时,可以优先考虑Ice-2模型.波形重跟踪技术能够提高卫星测高数据利用率,为科学研究提供可靠的数据保障.

简介：CarboncycleisconnectedwiththemostimportantenvironmentalissueofGlobalChange.Asoneofthemajorcarbonreservoirs,oceansplayanimportantpartinthecarboncycle.Inrecentyears,ironseemstogiveusagoodnewsthatoceanicironfertilizationcouldstimulatebiologicalproduc-tivityasCO2sinkofhuman-producedCO2.Oceanicironfertilizationexperimentshaveverifiedthataddingironintohighnutrientlowchlorophyll(HNLC)seawaterscanincreasephytoplanktonproductionandexportorganiccarbon,andhenceincreasecarbonsinkofanthropogenicCO2,toreduceglobalwarming.Insixtydays,theexportorganiccarboncouldreach10000timesforaddingironbymodelpredictionandinsituexperiment,I.e.TheatmosphericCO2uptakeandinorganiccarbondrawdowninupperseawatersalsohavethesamemagnitude.Therefore,oceanicironfertilizationisoneofthestrate-giesforincreasingcarbonsinkofanthropogenicCO2.Thepaperisfocusedontheironfertilization,es-peciallyinsituoceanironexperimentsinorderthatthefutureresearchismoreefficient.

简介：Astochastictwo-dimensionalFornasini-Marchesini'sModelⅡ(2-DFMMⅡ)withmultiplicativenoiseisgiven,andafilteringalgorithmforthismodel,whichisoptimalinthesenseoflinearminimum-variance,isdeveloped.Thestochastic2-DFMMⅡwithmultiplicativenoisecanbereducedtoa1-Dmodel,andtheproposedoptimalfilteringalgorithmforthestochastic2-DFMMⅡwithmultiplicativenoiseisobtainedbyusingthestateestimationtheoryof1-Dsystems.Anexampleisgiventoillustratethevalidityofthisalgorithm.

简介：Thispaperpresentsthedetaildesignconditions,designcriteriaandmethodsaswellasdesignconclusionsoftheprocess,structureandcorrosionoftheproductionflowlinesandhighpressurewaterinjectionlinesinBZ34-2/4oilfieldinBohaiBay.AtpresentthisdesignrepresentsthedesigncapabilityandlevelinthefieldofthesubmarinepipelineengineeringofChina.

简介：Inthisstudy,thecombinedactionsofwavesandtidalcurrentsinestuarineandcoastalareasareconsideredanda2Dmathematicalmodelforsedimenttransportbywavesandtidalcurrentshasbeenestablishedinorthogonalcurvilinearcoordinates.Non-equilibriumtransportequationsofsuspendedloadandbedloadareusedinthemodel.Theconceptofbackgroundconcentrationisintroduced,andtheformulaofsedimenttransportcapacityoftidalcurrentsfortheOujiangRiverestuaryisobtained.TheDouGuorenformulaisemployedforthesedimenttransportcapacityofwaves.SedimenttransportcapacityintheformofmudandtheintensityofbacksiltingarecalculatedbyuseofLuoZaosen'sformula.Thecalculatedtidalstagesareingoodagreementwiththefielddata,andthecalculatedvelocitiesandflowdirectionsof46verticallinesfor8crosssectionsarealsoingoodagreementwiththemeasureddata.Onsuchabasis,simulationsofbacksiltingafterexcavationofthewaterwaywithasandbarundercomplicatedboundaryconditionsinthenavigationchannelinducedbysuspendedload,bedloadandmudbywavesandtidalcurrentsarediscussed.

简介：一个方便、有效的过程被tosylation和硅石胶化在这研究支持的随后的β-消除为酒精的变换开发到石蜡。有在在0℃的pyridine的p-toluenesulfonyl氯化物的白酒的处理负担得起在房间温度在dichloromethane或氯仿与硅石胶化经历β-消除的tosylates，产出有高生产率的石蜡。

简介：TheDiverGasRecoverySystem(DGRS)isanimportantaccessoryequipmentofthe300mSaturationDiveSystem.Thesystemfacilitatestherecyclingofthebreathinggasesfordivers,therefore,ithasgreateconomicbenefits.InApril1995,a300munmannedtestanda100mmannedtestontheHY2031DGRSwerecarriedoutsuccessively.Tenmonthslater,anothermannedtestontheHY2032DGRS

简介：AninvivofluorescencediscriminationtechniqueforphytoplanktonpopulationwasdevelopedbyusingWaveletpackettransform,clusteranalysisandnon-negativeleastsquares.Thetechniquewasusedtoanalyzewatersamplesfromdifferentsearegions.Forsimulativemixtures,whendominantspeciesaccountfor60%,70%,80%,90%atthedivisionlevel,thecorrectdiscriminationratios(CDRs)are83.0%,99.1%,99.7%and99.9%withtherelativecontentsof58.5%,68.4%,77.7%and86.3%,respectively;whenthealgaedominanceare60%,70%,80%,90%,100%atthegenuslevel,theCDRsare86.1%,94.9%,95.2%,96.8%and96.7%,respectively.Forlaboratorymixtures,theCDRsare88.1%and78.4%atthedivisionandgenuslevel,respectively.Forfieldsamples,theCDRswere91.7%and80%atthedivisionandgenuslevel,respectively(mesocosmexperiments),andtheCDRswere100%and66.7%atthedivisionandgenuslevel,respectively(JiaozhouBay).ThefluorometrictechniquewasusedtoestimatethephytoplanktoncommunitycompositionandrelativeabundanceofdifferentclassesfortheApril2010cruiseintheYellowSeawiththeresultsagreeingwiththoseinpublishedpapersbyotherauthors.

简介：Inthispaper,thefocusedwavegroupswithdifferentparametersandtheiractionsonaverticalcylinderareexperimentallystudied.Theharmonicwavecharacteristicsofthefocusingwavesareanalyzedbytheadditionandsubtractionofthecrestandtroughfocusingwaves.Theanalyzedresultsshowthathigherorderharmonicscanbegeneratedbecauseoftheinteractionofcomponentwaves.Nonlinearityincreaseswiththeinputtedwaveamplitudeandthefrequencywidthincrement.Further,thewaverun-uparoundtheverticalcircularcylinderisexperimentallystudied.Itincreaseswiththewavesteepnessandtherelativecylinderdiameterincrease.However,thevariationsofwaverun-uparoundthecircularcylinderaredifferent.Theresearchesprovideareferenceforfurthernumericalstudies.