简介：癌症,一个可以在瞬间就改变我们的人生的词汇.癌症,看上去健健康康,感觉上也是通体舒畅,怎么就得了这种病?

简介：Objective:Chroniclymphocyticleukemia(CLL)andmantlecelllymphoma(MCL)cellsover-expressaguanineexchangefactor(GEF),Rasgrf-1.ThisGEFincreasesactiveRasasitcatalyzestheremovalofGDPfromRassothatGTPcanbindandactivateRas.ThisstudyaimstostudythemechanismofactionofRasgrf-1inB-cellmalignancies.Methods:N-terminustruncatedRasgrf-1variantshaveahigherGEFactivityascomparedtothefull-lengthtranscriptthereforeaMCLcelllinewithstableover-expressionoftruncatedRasgrf-1wasestablished.TheB-cellreceptor(BCR)andchemokinesignalingpathwayswerecomparedintheRasgrf-1over-expressingandacontroltransfectedcellline.Results:Cellsover-expressingtruncatedformofRasgrf-1haveahigherproliferativerateascomparedtocontroltransfectedcells.BCRwasactivatedbylowerconcentrationsofanti-IgMantibodyinRasgrf-1over-expressingcellsascomparedtocontrolcellsindicatingthatthesecellsaremoresensitivetoBCRsignaling.BCRsignalingalsophosphorylatesRasgrf-1thatfurtherincreasesitsGEFfunctionandamplifiesBCRsignaling.ThisactivationofRasgrf-1inover-expressingcellsresultedinahigherexpressionofphospho-ERK,AKT,BTKandPKC-alphaascomparedtocontrolcells.BesidesBCR,Rasgrf-1over-expressingcellswerealsomoresensitivetomicroenvironmentstimuliasdeterminedbyresistancetoapoptosis,chemotaxisandERKpathwayactivation.Conclusions:ThisGEFproteinsensitizesB-cellstoBCRandchemokinemediatedsignalingandalsoupregulatesanumberofothersignalingpathwayswhichpromotesgrowthandsurvivalofthesecells.

简介：ThechronicinfectionofhepatitisBvirus(HBV)iscloselyrelatedtotheoccurrenceanddevelopmentofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).AccumulatedevidencehasshownthatHBVXprotein(HBxprotein)isamultifunctionalregulatorwithacrucialroleinhepatocarcinogenesis.However,informationonthemechanismbywhichHBVinducesHCCislacking.ThisreviewfocusesonthepathologicalfunctionsofHBxinHBV-inducedhepatocarcinogenesis.Asatransactivator,HBxcanmodulatenuclearfactorkappa-light-chain-enhancerofactivatedBcells(NF-κB)andtranscriptionfactorAP-2.Moreover,HBxcanaffectregulatorynon-codingRNAs(ncRNAs)includingmicroRNAsandlongncRNAs(lncRNAs),suchasmiRNA-205andhighlyupregulatedinlivercancer(HULC),respectively.HBxisalsoinvolvedinepigeneticmodification,includingmethylationandacetylation.HBxinteractswithvarioussignal-transductionpathways,suchasproteinkinaseB/Akt,Wnt/β-catenin,signaltransducerandactivatoroftranscription,andNF-κBpathways.Moreover,HBxaffectscellularfatebyshiftingthebalancetowardcellsurvival.HBxmayleadtothelossofapoptoticfunctionsordirectlycontributestooncogenesisbyachievingtransformingfunctions,whichinducehepatocarcinogenesis.Additionally,HBxcanmodulateapoptosisandimmuneresponsebydirectorindirectinteractionwithhostfactors.WeconcludethatHBxhastensthedevelopmentofhepatoma.

简介：目的：筛选卵巢癌实验诊断比较适合的肿瘤标志，进一步探究其临界值。方法将研究对象分为卵巢癌组、卵巢良性肿瘤组和健康体检组，采用电化学发光法检测CA153、CA724、CA125、人附睾蛋白4（humanepididymisprotein4，HE4）等项目的浓度，并以文献报道的方法计算卵巢恶性肿瘤风险模型（riskofovarianmalignancyalgorithm，ROMA）；以SPSS软件分析研究对象肿瘤标志的表达差异，并分析它们的诊断指数（灵敏度＋特异性）；根据受试者工作特征曲线（receiveroperatingcharacteristics，ROC），试确定各肿瘤标志的最佳临界值。结果三组的肿瘤标志表达水平存在显著差异（P＜0．05）；ROMA的诊断能力最佳（诊断指数1．94，灵敏度0．94、特异性1．00），其它依次是HE4（诊断指数1．86，灵敏度0．89、特异性0．97）、CA125（诊断指数1．75，灵敏度0．83、特异性0．91）；依据曲线下面积（areaunderthecurve，AUC），诊断卵巢癌能力大小的肿瘤标志（或项目）分别是：ROMA、HE4、CA125、CA153、CA724。结论诊断卵巢癌应优先考虑CA125、HE4和ROMA等项目，相应临界值可拟定为90．96U/ml、81．38pmol/l和37．22％。

简介：根据世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）资助的一项最新研究显示，人体血液中维生素B含量较高将有可能降低发生肺癌的风险，这个结果对吸烟、非吸烟以及曾经吸烟的人群是相同的。这项发现将有助于科学家了解肺癌发病的机理，并将对预防其发生提供线索。

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简介：DuckhepatitisBvims(DHBV)DNAwasdetectedindifferenttumorousnodulesofduckswithhepaticmulticentriccancerorintrahepaticmetastasisbySouthernblottechnique.Among7duckswithhepatocellularcarcinomaofmultipletumornodules,thehybridizationpatternofIntegratedDHBVDNAIndifferenttumorousnoduleswasidenticalin3casesanddifferentin2cases.OnecaseshowedasimilarhybridizationpatternintwotumorousnodulesandotheronewasnegativetorDHBVDNA.IntegratedDHBVDNAwasalsoidentifiedinametastaticlungcancerofduckswithhepatocellularcarcinoma.Thehybridizationpatternofmetastasisoflungswasasthesomeasthatinprimaryhepatocellularcarcinoma.ThesamediscretehybridizationbandsInthedifferenttumorousnodulesindicatethatthesenodulesmightarisefromonetransformedcell.ThedifferenthybridizationpatternsInvarioustumorousnodulesshowthatthesetumorousnodulesmightarisefromvarioustransformedcells.Theresultssuggestthatthehyb

简介：Objective:ToassesstheeffectofantiviraltherapyforhepatitisBvirus(HBV)-relatedhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)afterradicalhepatectomy.Methods:Atotalof478HBV-relatedHCCpatientstreatedbyradicalhepatectomywereretrospectivelycollected.Patientsinthetreatmentgroup(n=141)receivedpostoperativelamivudinetreatment(100mg/d),whereaspatientsinthecontrolgroup(n=337)didnot.Recurrence-freesurvival(RFS)rates,overallsurvival(OS)rates,treatmentsforrecurrentHCCandcauseofdeathwerecomparedbetweenthetwogroups.Propensityscorematching(PSM)analysiswasalsoconductedtoreduceconfoundingbiasbetweenthetwogroups.Results:The1-,3-,and5-yearRFSratesdidn’tsignificantlydifferbetweenthetwogroups(P=0.778);however,the1-,3-,and5-yearOSratesinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.002).Similarresultswereobservedinthematcheddata.SubgroupanalysisshowedthatantiviraltreatmentconferredasignificantsurvivalbenefitforBarcelonaClinicalLiverCancerstageA/Bpatients.FollowingHCCrecurrence,morepeopleinthetreatmentgroupwereabletochoosecurativetreatmentsthanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.031).Forcauseofdeath,fewerpeopleinthetreatmentgroupdiedofliverfailurethanthoseinthecontrolgroup(P=0.041).Conclusion:PostoperativeantiviraltherapyincreaseschancesofreceivingcurativetreatmentsforrecurrentHCCandpreventsdeathbecauseofliverfailure,therebysignificantlyprolongingOS,especiallyinearly-orintermedian-stagetumors.

简介：许多人类疾病的发生和发展可归因于一些基因的异常表达，从而导致疾病的发生。其中一部分基因是在核因子kappaB（nuclearfactor-kappaB，NF—κB）调控下进行的。NF—κ是广泛存在于哺乳动物中的转录因子，是由Sen等于1986年首先在B细胞中发现的一种核蛋白。因它能与B细胞免疫球蛋白上的K轻链基因增强子κB序列（GGGACTITCC）特异结合而得名。实际上它能与多种细胞基因的启动子和增强子序列位点发生特异性结合，并促进转录和表达，参与众多与免疫和炎症反应有关的基因转录的调控。它的异常激活或完全抑制与多种疾病的发生有关。在控制细胞增殖、凋亡、肿瘤的发生、发展和耐药问题上均起着重要的作用。因此深入探讨NF—κB在体内病理状态下的活化机制以及其与细胞、基因之间的调节作用具有重要的意义。现就NF—κB的组成、结构、激活途径以及与肿瘤的关系作一综述。

简介：Objective:Cancercellradioresistanceisastumblingblockinradiationtherapy.TheactivityinthenuclearfactorkappaB(NFκB)pathwaycorrelateswithanti-apoptoticmechanismsandincreasedradioresistance.TheIKKcomplexplaysamajorroleinNFκBactivationuponnumeroussignals.Inthisstudy,weexaminedtheinteractionbetweenionizingradiation(IR)anddifferentmembersoftheIKK-NFκBpathway,aswellasupstreamactivators,RAF1,ERK,andAKT1.Methods:Theeffectof4GyofIRontheexpressionoftheRAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκBpathwaywasexaminedinA549andH1299lungcancercelllinesusingWesternblotanalysisandconfocalmicroscopy.WeexaminedchangesinradiationsensitivityusinggenesilencingorpharmacologicalinhibitorsofERKandIKKβ.Results:IKKα,IKKγ,andIκBαincreaseduponexposuretoIR,therebyaffectingnuclearlevelsofNFκB(phospho-p65).ERKinhibitionorsiRNA-mediateddown-regulationofRAF1suppressedthepost-irradiationsurvivaloftheexaminedlungcancercelllines.AsimilareffectwasdetectedonsurvivaluponsilencingIKKα/IKKγorinhibitingIKKβ.Conclusions:ExposureoflungcancercellstoIRresultsinNFκBactivationviaIKK.ThegeneticorpharmacologicalblockageoftheRAF1-ERK-IKK-NFκBpathwaysensitizescellstotherapeuticdosesofradiation.Therefore,theIKKpathwayisapromisingtargetfortherapeuticinterventionincombinationwithradiotherapy.

简介：Objective:TodeterminewhetherInterferon-alpha-2b(IFN-α2b)canmodulatetheautophagicresponseinhepatocellularcarcinomacells.Methods:HepatocellularcarcinomacellsweretreatedwithIFN-α2b.Autophagywasassessedbyacridineorangestaining,GFP-LC3dottedassay,transmissionelectronmicroscopyandimmunoblotting.Results:AcridineorangestainingshowedthatIFN-α2btriggeredtheaccumulationofacidicvesicularandautolysosomesinHepG2cells.TheacridineorangeHepG2cellratioswere(4.3±1.0)%,(6.9±1.4)%,and(13.1±2.3)%,respectively,aftertreatmentwith100,1,000,and10,000IU/mLIFN-α2bfor48h.AmarkedlypunctatepatternwasobservedinHepG2cellstreatedwith10,000IU/mLIFN-α2bfor48h,butonlydiffuseandweaklyfluorescentGFP-LC3punctawasobservedincontrolcells.HepG2cellstreatedwith10,000IU/mLIFN-α2bfor48hdevelopedautophagosome-likecharacteristics,includingsingle-ordouble-membranevacuolescontainingintactanddegradedcellulardebris.TheBeclin1andLC3-IIproteinexpressionwasup-regulatedbyIFN-α2btreatment.Conclusion:Autophagycanbeinducedinadose-dependentmannerbytreatmentwithIFN-α2binHepG2cells,andtheBeclin1signalingpathwaywasstimulatedbyIFN-α2b.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatephospho-(-cateninexpressioninnon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC)andtostudytherelationshipbetweenphospho-(-cateninexpressionandsomeclinicalpathologicalfactors.Methods:Theexpressionofphospho-(-cateninin67primaryNSCLCcasesdetectedimmunohistochemically.Results:phospho-(-cateninwasnotexpressedinnormalbronchialmucouscellandshowedcytoplasmicandnuclearexpressioninNSCLCcell.Totalpositiveexpressionratereached62.7%,andpositiveexpressionrateofnucleuswas38.8%.Thepositiveexpressionrate(87.5%)andnuclearexpressionrateofadenocarcinoma(62.5%)wereapparentlyhigherthanthoseofsquamouscellcancer(40.0%and17.1%)(P<0.01).Expressionofphospho-(-cateninhadnorelationshiptodifferentiationdegreeandlymphaticmetastasis.Thepostoperativesurvivaltimeisnotrelatedtophospho-(-cateninexpression.(Log-ranktest,P=0.9198;P=0.6274).COXmodelanalysisshowedthattumorstageanddifferentiationareindependentriskfactorstoprognosis(P=0.001;P=0.020).Conclusion:NSCLCcellsshowpositiveexpressionofphospho-(-catenin,phospho-(-cateninnuclearexpressionisrelevanttohistologicaltypes.Thereisnodifferenceinpostoperativesurvivaltimebetweenpatientswithphospho-(-cateninpositiveexpressionandpatientswithnegativeexpression,expressionofphospho-(-cateninisnotindependentriskfactortoprognosis.

简介：Objective:Toassesstheclinicalfeatures,survivalandprognosticfactorsofprimarytesticulardiffuselargeB-celllymphoma(DLBCL).Methods:Aretrospectivestudyof37patientswithprimarytesticularDLBCLwascarriedoutfromNovember2003toMay2012.Theirclinicalfeatures,survivalandprognosticfactorswereanalyzed.Results:Duringamedianfollow-upperiodof39.8months(5.4-93.0months),themedianprogression-freesurvival(PFS)was26.2months(95%CI:0-65months)andthe3-yearoverallsurvival(OS)ratewas78.4%.Withinthewholecohort,thefactorssignificantlyassociatedwithasuperiorPFSwerelimitedstage(stageI/II),lactatedehydrogenase(LDH)≤245U/L,internationalprognosticindex(IPI)≤1,primarytumordiameter<7.5cm,andpatientswhohadcompleteresponse(CR)andreceiveddoxorubicin-containedchemotherapy(P<0.05).Therewasatrendtowardsuperioroutcomeforpatientswhoreceivedcombinedtherapy(surgery/chemotherapy/radiotherapy)(P=0.055).PatientswhohadCR,primarytumordiameter<7.5cmandIPIscore≤1weresignificantlyassociatedwithlongerPFSatmultivariateanalysis.Conclusions:PrimarytesticularDLBCLhadpoorersurvival.CR,primarytumordiameterandIPIwereindependentprognosticfactors.Thecombinedtherapyoforchectomy,doxorubicin-containedchemotherapyandcontralateraltesticularradiotherapy(RT)seemedtoimprovesurvival.

简介：目的研究麻醉诱导前1.5-2h饮250ml清流质对接受限期手术的结直肠癌患者麻醉诱导时残留胃渍量及胃渍pH值的影响.方法入选2008年1月1日至2008年6月30日在我院接受限期手术的90例结直肠癌患者、所有患者均于术前晚午夜开始禁食并被随机分配到糖水组、纯水组或禁食组.术晨麻醉诱导前1.5-2h,糖水组患者于5min内饮完5%葡萄糖溶液250ml,纯水组饮250ml的纯水.全麻诱导并气管插管后马上置入多孔鼻胃管进行胃渍抽吸,对胃液进行计量及pH值测定.结果三组患者在性別组成、年龄和体重指数方面差异无统计学意义.糖水组、纯水组和禁食组的各项试验指标分别为:残留胃渍量(19±14.4)m]、(15±13.4)ml和(16±10.3)m1;胃渍pH值1.64±0.166、2.02±1.265和2.18±1.420;残留胃渍量超过25ml并且pH值小于2.5的比蜘12/30、7/30和5/30.三项指标在三组中的差异无统计学意义.结论麻醉诱导前1.5-2h饮250ml清流质对接受限期手术的结直肠癌患者麻醉诱导时的残留胃液量及胃渍pH值无影响.

简介：目的：研究miR-940对胃癌细胞增殖的影响,探讨miR-940和Cbl-b信号转导通路在此过程中的作用。方法：采用Real-timePCR法检测胃癌细胞中miR-940的表达,MTT法检测胃癌细胞的增殖能力,双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测miR-940与Cbl-b的结合,Westernblotting实验观察蛋白的表达。结果：MTT法显示miR-940可促进胃癌细胞MGC803的增殖,BLAST对比分析结果显示Cbl-b与miR-940存在结合位点。双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统证实Cbl-b是miR-940的靶基因。Westernblotting结果显示过表达miR-940后,Cbl-b的表达明显下调。Cbl-b抑制胃癌细胞MGC803的增殖。miR-940通过负向调节Cbl-b的表达促进胃癌细胞的增殖。结论：miR-940通过抑制Cbl-b的表达,促进胃癌细胞MGC803的增殖。

简介：目的：研究B7-H4在乳腺癌中的表达情况及其与各临床病理变量之间的相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学染色分析51例乳腺癌手术患者切除的肿瘤标本的B7-H4的表达情况，分析其与年龄、肿瘤类型、大小、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分期、激素受体表达情况、Her-2／neu状态的相关性。结果：B7-H4可表达于乳腺癌细胞的胞膜上、胞浆内或同时表达于两者之内。88．2％（45／51）的标本B7-H4阳性，并且与肿瘤中Her-2／neu状态（P=0．04）、组织学类型（P=0．002）明显相关，Her-2／neu阳性患者中B7-H4的表达要明显高于阴性的患者，浸润性导管癌细胞中B7-H4的表达显著高于原位癌，而与其他临床病理参数无关。结论：B7-H4可能与肿瘤的预后和肿瘤的进展相关。

简介：目的观察由吉西他滨（GEM）联合顺铂（DDP）、地塞米松（DXM）组成的GDP方案治疗难治性弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）的疗效和毒副反应。方法2006年3月至2008年9月收治的25例难治性DLBCL患者，给予吉西他滨1000mg／m^2，第1、8天，静脉滴注；顺铂25mg／m^2，第1—3天，静脉滴注；地塞米松40mg／d，第1—4天，口服。21天为1周期。2个周期后评价疗效，并随访疾病进展情况。结果25例患者中，18例获缓解（72％），其中完全缓解8例（32％），部分缓解10例（40％）。25例患者中位肿瘤进展时间（TTP）为7．5个月（95％CI：7．17～7．82个月）。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制和轻中度的消化道反应。骨髓抑制主要表现为3—4级白细胞减少7例，3级血小板减少5例。结论吉西他滨联合顺铂、地塞米松的GDP方案治疗难治性DLBCL的近期疗效较好，安全性较高。

简介：Objective:TostudythesynergiceffectsofIL-12andB7-1transfectantonantitumorimmunityinvivo.Methods:TheretrovirusvectorencodingmIL-12andmB7-1genewastranfectedintoEL-4thymiclymphomacellsrespectively.Thecellswereusedastumorvaccineandthetherapeuticeffectwasobserved.Results:IncontrasttothemiceimmunizedwithEL-4/WtorEL-4/Neogroups,thetumorigenicityofEL-4/IL-12transfectantwasdecreased(P<0.001).TheEL-4/IL-12andEL-4/B7-1cellsirradiatedwith60CoshowedsignificantsystematicprotectiveeffectsagainsttherechallengeofEL-4/Wt.60CoirradiatedEL-4/IL-12cellsdelayedtheoccurrenceoftumorandprolongedthesurvivalperiodoftumorbearingmice.CombinationofthevaccinesofEL-4/IL-12andEL-4/B7-1resultedintheenhancedtherapeuticeffectcomparedwitheachsingletransfectantgroup(P<0.001).Conclusion:TheresultsshowedthatIL-12transducedcellscouldenhancetheantitumorimmunityofhostascancervaccine.CombinationoftheEL-4/IL-12andEL-4/B7-1transfectantcouldimproveimmunityofhostandisaprospectcancervaccine.

简介：1病案摘要患者,男,39岁.因左鼻塞1年伴双颈肿块1月入院.该患者于1年前无诱因下出现左侧鼻塞,未经处理.1月前双颈出现无痛性肿块而来我院就诊.

简介：目的：在既往的胃癌蛋白质组研究中我们已发现hnRNPA2/B1具有较高表达,本试验进一步探讨hnRNPA2/B1在胃癌中的表达情况及其与胃癌临床病理特征的关系。方法：用免疫组织化学方法检测122例胃癌患者的胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃粘膜中hnRNPA2/B1蛋白的表达。结果：hnRNPA2/B1在胃癌组织中核表达的阳性率为92.6%（113/122）,其中伴有胞浆表达的阳性率为7.3%（9/122）。在癌旁非瘤组织中核表达阳性率为87.7%（107/122）,未见胞浆表达。hnRNPA2/B1的表达状态与胃癌临床病理特征无关联。结论：在胃癌及癌旁非瘤组织中均可发现hnRNPA2/B1核表达,hnRNPA2/B1不能作为肿瘤相关的分子标志物。