简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)isanewtechnologyusedforDNAandRNAsequencingandvariant/mutationdetection.NGScansequencehundredsandthousandsofgenesorwholegenomeinashortperiodoftime.Thesequencevariants/mutationsdetectedbyNGShavebeenwidelyusedfordiseasediagnosis,prognosis,therapeuticdecision,andfollowupofpatients.Thecapacityofitsmassiveparallelsequencingoffersnewopportunitiesforpersonalizedprecisionmedicine.

简介：OBJECTIVE:Evenduringthemicrosurgicalera,tentorialmeningiomaspresentaformidablesurgicalchallengewhentumorinvolvescriticalneurovascularstructures.Wereportourexperiencewithtentorialmeningiomawithregardtoclinicalpresentation,diagnosticworkup,microsurgicaltechnique,complications,andfollow-upresults.METHODS:Inaretrospectivestudy,wereviewedthemedical

简介：客观：在乳癌学习P-glycoprotein(P-gp)的临床的意义。方法：在乳癌的60种情况中的P-gp的表示被immunohistochemistry检验。到化疗的P-gp表示和反应比较地与变形乳癌在19个病人被调查。结果：P-gp在乳癌的60个案例中的48.3%个中是积极的。P-gp表示不与病人的年龄，月经地位，包含的腋的淋巴节点的数字，临床的阶段，组织学的类型，和神经质的受体地位有关(P>0.05)。转移(62.1%)和死亡(51.7%)的频率比在否定情况中在P-gp积极案例中是更高的(16.1%对12.9%，P<0.005)。P-gp积极案例(48.3%)的5年的幸存率比否定案例(87.1%)的显著地低(P<0.05)。在收到了辅助化疗的病人，远转移比在P-gp否定案例(57.1%)(P=0.0468)中更经常发生在P-gp积极案例(94.7%)中。更多的P-gp否定病人(7/9)对化疗(P=0.0055)比积极病人(1/10)应答。结论：P-gp表示的Immunohistochemical检查在在乳癌病人预言反应到化疗和预后是有用的。P-gp确实与差的预后被联系。

简介：Themyelodysplastic/myeloproliferativeneoplasms(MDS/MPNs)areauniquegroupofhematologicmalignanciescharacterizedbyconcomitantmyelodysplasticandmyeloproliferativefeatures.Accordingtothe2008WHOclassification,thecategoryincludesatypicalchronicmyeloidleukemia(aCML),chronicmyelomonocyticleukemia(CMML),juvenilemyelomonocyticleukemia(JMML),MDS/MPN-unclassifiable(MDS/MPN-U),andtheprovisionalentityrefractoryanemiawithringsideroblastsandthrombocytosis(RARS-T).Althoughdiagnosiscurrentlyremainsbasedonclinicopathologicfeatures,theincorporationofnextgenerationplatformshasallowedfortherecentmolecularcharacterizationofthesediseaseswhichhasrevealeduniqueandcomplexmutationalprofilesthatsupporttheirdistinctbiologyandisanticipatedtosoonplayanintegralroleindiagnosis,prognostication,andtreatment.Futuregoalsofresearchshouldincludethedevelopmentofdisease-modifyingtherapies,andfurthergeneticunderstandingofthecategorywilllikelyformthefoundationoftheseefforts.

简介：Braintumorsincidenceinpediatricagehasbeenestimatedbetween1.3to5%witharelativeincidenceof1.4to11%duringthefirstyearoflife;theimprovementininstrumentaldeviceshasleadtoarelativeincreaseinprecociousdiag-nosis.Thechoicetostudybraintumorsofthefirstyearoflifeasaseparatetopicfrompediatricageonesdependsontheobservationthatthesele-sionshavepeculiarclinical,topographicandtis-sularcharacteristics.Thesurvivalrateofthesepatientsisverypoorifcomparedwiththatfound

简介：ＡＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＲＥＰＯＲＴＯＦＲＥＦＲＡＣＴＯＴＹＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＯＦＯＶＡＲＹＡＮＤＦＡＬＬＯＰＩＡＮＴＵＢＥＴＲＥＡＴＥＤＷＩＴＨＴＡＸＯＬＣａｉＳｈｕｍｏ蔡树模；ＴａｎｇＪｉｅ汤洁；ＦａｎＪｉａｎｘｕａｎ范建玄；ＷｅｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｙｉｎｇ...

简介：Cancertreatmentfailure,drugresistance,ormetastaticrecurrencearethoughttobecausedmainlybytheexistenceofaverysmallnumberofcancerstemcells(CSCs).Thecharacteristicsofthissubgroupofcellsincludeself-renewal,tumorigenesis,multipledifferentiationandhighinvasiveness,metastasis,anddrugresistancepotential.ManystudieshavedemonstratedthatCSCsplayimportantrolesintumorgrowth,spreadandmetastaticrelapseaftertreatment,andarecloselyrelatedtotheprognosisofpatients.Fromatherapeuticviewpoint,deepinsightsintotheCSCsbiology,developmentofspecifictherapeuticstrategiesfortargetingCSCs,andcharacterizationoftheirmicroenvironmentcouldbeanidealwaytocombatcancer.

简介：OBJECTIVE:Radiation-inducedmeningiomasareknowntooccurafterhighandlow-dosecranialradiationtherapy.Thegoalofthisstudywastodiscernthedistinguishingfindingsandcharacteristicsofradiation-inducedmeningiomas.METHODS:Therecordsof16patients(sevenmenandninewomen)whofulfilledthecriteriaforradiation-inducedmeningiomaswereretrospectivelyreviewed.Clinical,histopathological,cytokinetic,andcytogeneticfindingsaswellasthepatients'outcomewereanalyzed.Themeanageofthepatientswas38.8yearsandthemeantumorlatencywas26.5years.Fivepatientshadmultiplemeningiomasintheirradiatedfield.Therecurrenceratewas100%aftertheinitialresection;62%ofpatientshadasecondrecurrenceand17%hadathirdrecurrence.Thirtyeightpercentofpatientshadatypicalormalignanthistopathologicalfindings.Thepresenceofprogesteronereceptorsandlowproliferation

简介：Theimplementationofmolecularprofilingtechnologiesinoncologydeepensourknowledgeforthemolecularlandscapesofcancerdiagnoses,identifyingaberrationsthatcouldbelinkedwithspecifictherapeuticvulnerabilities.Inparticular,thereisanincreasinglistofmolecularlytargetedanticanceragentsundergoingclinicaldevelopmentthataimtoblockspecificmolecularaberrations.Thisleadstoaparadigmshift,withanincreasinglistofspecificaberrationsdictatingthetreatmentofpatientswithcancer.Thisparadigmshiftimpactsthefieldofclinicaltrials,sincetheclassicalapproachofhavingclinico-pathologicaldiseasecharacteristicsdictatingthepatients'enrolmentinoncologytrialsshiftstowardstheimplementationofmolecularprofilingasprescreeningstep.Inordertofacilitatethesuccessfulclinicaldevelopmentofthesenewanticancerdrugswithinspecificmolecularnichesofcancerdiagnoses,therehavebeendevelopednew,innovativetrialdesignsthatcouldbeclassifiedasfollows:i)longitudinalcohortstudiesthatimplement(ornot)'nested'downstreamtrials,2)studiesthatassesstheclinicalutilityofmolecularprofiling,3)'master'protocoltrials,iv)'basket'trials,v)trialsfollowinganadaptivedesign.Inthepresentarticle,wereviewtheseinnovativestudydesigns,providingrepresentativeexamplesfromeachcategoryandwediscussthechallengesthatstillneedtobeaddressedinthiseraofnewgenerationoncologytrialsimplementingmolecularprofiling.Emphasisisputonthefieldofbreastcancerclinicaltrials.

简介：得到中央neurocytoma的更好的识别并且减少的目的错误诊断。回顾的评论识别了中央neurocytoma的15个盒子的方法。中央neurocytoma的所有情况为他们的临床的症状，病理学的变化，染色的immunohistochemical，预后和微分诊断被分析。临床列在后面在上面被执行。在那里的结果1064年是8男性和7女性(中部32.93年)。最普通的介绍症状是与增加的intracranial压力(ICP)有关的那些，包括头疼(100%)，papilledema(93%)并且呕吐(80%)。所有肿瘤位于室的系统。肿瘤由一致房间组成与围着原子核和一个好染色质模式，并且在一些区域，有perinuclear光圈的小房间能被看见。特别地，无核的区域可以有一个好fibrillary矩阵(neuropil)。原子atypia和脉管的增长分别地出现在二种情况中。焦点的坏死能在一种情况中被看见。Immunohistochemical调查结果包括了synaptophysin(15/15)的表示，神经原特定的enolase(12/15)和glialfibrillary酸的蛋白质(GFAP)(3/15)。MIB-1增长索引从0.812.5%，并且在估计的15个盒子中的3个中是超过2%。11个病人的后续信息是可得到的。结论中央neurocytoma一般来说，但是在里面有有利预后一些情况，临床的功课能是好攻击的。GFAP确实，增长索引和脉管的增长的增加可能建议一个更恶意的过程。

简介：Next-generationsequencing(NGS)hasbeenrapidlyintegratedintomolecularpathology,dramaticallyincreasingthebreadthgenomicofinformationavailabletooncologistsandtheirpatients.Thisreviewwillexplorethewaysinwhichthisnewtechnologyiscurrentlyappliedtobolstercareforpatientswithsolidtumorsandhematologicalmalignancies,focusingonpracticesandguidelinesforassessingthetechnicalvalidityandclinicalutilityofDNAvariantsidentifiedduringclinicalNGSoncologytesting.

简介：Inrecentyears,theclinicalincidenceofthyroidcancerhasbeenincreasingyearbyyear,anditsriskassessmentandclinicalmanagementmethodshavealsobeenaccordinglymodifiedandconstantlyimproved.TherearegreatdifferencesbetweentheclinicaldiagnosticandtherapeuticmodesanddiseasemanagementofthyroidcanceremployedbyvariousmedicalinstitutionsinChina,particularlywithregardtotheclinicalapplicationofserummarkerofthyroidcancer.Tothisend,theChinaAnti-CancerAssociationThyroidCancerSpecializedCommitteeChineseAssociationofThyroidOncologyorganizedthiscompilationofExpertConsensusonClinicalApplicationofSerumMarkerofThyroidCancertohelpandimpelrelevantclinicalinstitutionsandprofessionalstostandardizeclinicaldiagnosis,treatment,andlong-termmanagementofthyroidcancer,andtoproperlyutilizetheserummarkerforscientificauxiliaryclinicaldiagnosisandassessmentofthyroidcancerbeforeandafteroperation.

简介：Transforminggrowthfactor-β(TGF-β)isakeyfactorincancerdevelopmentandprogression.TGF-βcansuppresstumorigenesisbyinhibitingcellcycleprogressionandstimulatingapoptosisinearlystagesofcancerprogression.However,TGF-βcanmodulatecancer-relatedprocesses,suchascellinvasion,distantmetastasis,andmicroenvironmentmodificationthatmaybeusedbycancercellstotheiradvantageinlatestages.Correspondingmechanismsincludeangiogenesispromotion,anti-tumorimmunitysuppression,andepithelial-to-mesenchymaltransition(EMT)induction.ThecorrelationbetweenTGF-βexpressionandcancerprognosishasalsobeenextensivelyinvestigated.ResultssuggestthatTGF-βpathwaycanbetargetedtotreatcancer;assuch,thefeasibilityofthistreatmentisinvestigatedinclinicaltrials.

简介：Objective:Tostudythechangesofthrombomodulin(TM)inbothplasmaandtissueextractsofcancerpatientsforevaluatingitsclinicalsignificance.Methods:PlasmaTMlevelsweremeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)inbothplasmaof188cancerpatientsand24cancertissueextractsincludingtheiradjacentnon-cancertissues.Results:TheplasmaTMlevelsbothincancerpatientsandinmetastasispatientsweresignificantlyhigherthanthatincontrols[(33.47±14.25)μg/L,(41.68±16.96)μg/L,vs(20.40±7.22)μg/L,P<0.01].TheplasmaTMlevelsincancerpatientsafteroperationdecreasedobviouslythanthatbeforeoperation[(18.45±9.96)μg/L,vs(28.29±11.74)μg/L,P<0.01],whereas,theplasmaTMlevelsinpatientswithrecurrenceandmetastasisafteroperationincreasedobviously[(34.50±12.57)μg/L].Amongthetypesofcancer,theplasmaTMlevelsinmetastasislungcancers,gastriccancersandpancreaticcancersweresignificantlyhigherthanthatinnon-metastasisrespectivecancers.Nosignificantdifferenceswerefoundbetweencontrolsandnon-metastasiscancersincludinggastriccancers,pancreaticcancers,nasopharyngealcancers,largeintestinecancersandlaryngealcancers(P>0.05).TheTMlevelsincancertissueextractsweresignificantlylowerthanthatintheiradjacentnon-cancertissueextracts[(647.71±317.51)μg/Lvs(1455.63±772.22)μg/L,P<0.01].Onthecontrary,theplasmaTMlevelsinthesecancersweresignificantlyhigherthanthatincontrols.Conclusion:TheriseofplasmaTMlevelsincancerpatientswasassociatedwithmetastasisanddiffusionofcancers.TheTMlevelscanbeservedasansensitiveindexforjudgingprogressionandmetastasisofcancers.

简介：ＡＮＴＩＣＯＭＰＬＥＭＥＮＴＡＲＹＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＩＮＨＵＭＡＮＳＥＲＵＭＯＦＬＵＮＧＣＡＮＣＥＲＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＡＮＤＩＴＳＰＯＳＳＩＢＬＥＣＬＩＮＩＣＡＬＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＬｉｕＨｕｉｒｏｎｇ刘慧荣ＬｉａｎｇＦｅｎｇ梁峰ＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉｆ...

简介：Objective:Toobservetheclinicaleffectofradiofrequencyablation(RFA)combinedwithtranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TACE)foradvancedhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).Methods:Atotalof92casesofadvancedprimarylivercancerunderwentTACEandRFAtreatmentfromJune2005to2011attheDepartmentofHepatobiliarySurgery,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofBengbuMedicalCollege.Atotalof88caseswithcompleteclinicaltreatmentandfollow-updataweredividedintotwogroups:43patientstreatedwithTACE(TACEgroup)and45patientsthatreceivedTACEcombinedwithRFAtreatment(TACE+RFAgroup).Afterclinicaldataassessment,tumorsizeandsurvivalstatuswerenotsignificantlydifferentbetweenthegroupsasdeterminedbystratifiedanalysis.Results:Beforeandaftersurgery,spiralCTradiographyandcolorcomparisonobservedablationconditions.Thetumornecrosisratesaftertreatment(CR+PR)were67.4%(29/43)and91.1%(41/45)fortheTACEandcombinedtreatmentgroups,respectively,andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).ThequalityoflifewassignificantlyimprovedforpatientsundergoingTACE+RFAcomparedwiththecontrolgroup.SurvivaldurationwasnotsignificantlydifferentinpatientsundergoingTACE+RFAcomparedwiththecontrolgroup.Conclusions:Inthisstudy,theeffectofRFAcombinedwithTACEtreatmentwasbetterthanTACEaloneintreatingadvancedHCC.

简介：Thereisalackofinvestigationintothebiologicalcharacteristicsandpreoperativesystemictherapy(PST)foroccultbreastcancer(OBC).Forthisstudy,departmentalrecordsinBreastDiseaseCenterofPekingUniversityFirstHospitalfromJanuary2008toDecember2015wereretrospectivelyreviewedtoidentifycasesofOBC.Elevencaseswereincluded,andallpatientswerefemale,withamedianageof56(range:29–75)years.Thesensitivityofmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)was100%,andthefalsepositiveratewas33.3%.Basedonhistologicanalysisoftheaxillarynode,9(81.8%)casesweregrade3,and2(18.2%)casesweregrade2;4(36.4%)caseswere≥10%estrogenreceptor(ER)positiveand6(54.5%)humanepidermalgrowthreceptor2(HER2)positive.Ninecases(81.8%)exhibitedover30%Ki67expression.PSTwasperformedin5ofthe11cases.Thelymphnoderesponseratewas100%(5/5),butnocompleteremissionwasachieved.Inconclusion,aggressivesubtypeswerepredominantamongtheincludedcases,andPSTshouldbeconsideredforOBCtreatmentoptions.

简介：Precisionmedicineandpersonalizedtherapyarereceivingincreasedattention,andmolecular-subtypeclassificationhasbecomecrucialinplanningtherapeuticschedulesinclinicalpracticeforpatientswithbreastcancer.Humanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor2(HER2)isassociatedwithhigh-gradebreasttumors,highratesoflymph-nodeinvolvement,highriskofrecurrence,andhighresistancetogeneralchemotherapy.AnalysisofHER2expressionishighlyimportantfordoctorstoidentifypatientswhocanbenefitfromtrastuzumabtherapyandmonitortheresponseandefficacyoftreatment.Inrecentyears,significanteffortshavebeendevotedtoachievingspecificandnoninvasiveHER2-positivebreastcancerimaginginvivo.Inthiswork,wereviewedexistingliteratureonHER2imaginginthepastdecadeandsummarizedthestudiesfromdifferentpointsofview,suchasimagingmodalitiesandHER2-specificprobes.WeaimedtoimprovetheunderstandingonthetranslationalprocessinmolecularimagingforHER2breastcancer.

简介：Thisreviewstartswithabriefhistoryofdrugdiscovery&development,andtheplaceofAsiainthisworldwideeffortdiscussed.TheconditionsandconstraintsofasuccessfultranslationalR&DinvolvingacademicbasicresearchandclinicalresearcharediscussedandtheSingaporemodelforpursuitofopenR&Ddescribed.Theimportanceofwell-characterized,validateddrugtargetsforthesearchfornoveltargetedanti-canceragentsisemphasized,aswellasastructured,highqualitytranslationalR&D.Furthermore,thecharacteristicsofanattractivepreclinicaldevelopmentdrugcandidatearediscussedlayingthefoundationofasuccessfulpreclinicaldevelopment.Themostfrequentsourcesoffailuresaredescribedandriskmanagementateverystageishighlyrecommended.Organizationalfactorsarealsoconsideredtoplayanimportantrole.Thefactorstoconsiderbeforestartinganewdrugdiscovery&developmentprojectaredescribed,andanexampleisgivenofasuccessfulclinicalprojectthathashaditsrootsinlocaluniversitiesandwascarriedthroughpreclinicaldevelopmentintophaseIclinicaltrials.

简介：SerumALD-Aof57patientswithHCCand43ofotherdiseasesweremeasuredbyALD-A-McAblinkedwith425I-staphylococcusAprotein.TheresultsshowedthattheALD-AinpatientwithHCCwassignificantlyelevatedascomparedwithcontrolsandthatinpatientswithcholangiocarcinoma,gastrointestinalcancerwithouthepaticmetastasis,cirrhosis.CAHandbenignGIdiseases.TherewasnostatisticaldifferencebetweenALD-AinpatientswithHCCandthatincasesofcirrhosiswithliverfailureandthatincasesofmetastaticlivercarcinoma.ItwasnotedthatdiagnosticsensitivityofALD-AinAFP(+)HCCwas73.9%andthatinAFP(-)HCCwas81.8%1-6patientswithHCCweretreatedbyhepaticarterialembolizationcombinedwithchemotherapy.ALD-Ainpatientsafterthetreatmentdecreasedsignificantlythanthatbeforetreatment,furthermore,advantagesofthemethodarediscussed.