简介:早在上世纪60年代,沉积学家Pettijohn和Potter曾经将形成原生沉积构造的地质作用划分为剥蚀作用、搬运作用、沉积作用和变形作用.在沉积期间和沉积之后到沉积物还未固结之前由上述作用所产生的沉积构造被定义为“原生沉积构造”,包括各种类型的层理、层面上的各种作用痕迹以及各种变形现象.在该分类之中,叠层石被定义为突出沉积面的正生长构造,这种构造由微生物与同沉积胶结作用共同构建而成.上世纪90年代中期至今,随着研究程度的深入,沉积学家们越来越认识到除了叠层石以外,微生物还会形成一种并不突出于底层面的原生沉积构造,并被认为是微生物席或微生物膜与各种物理作用营力共同作用的产物.这些作用营力包括剥蚀作用、搬运作用、沉积作用和变形作用.该类沉积构造被定义为微生物形成的原生沉积构造并被归为第五类原生沉积构造.正如叠层石主要产在前寒武纪以及显生宙未受到后生动物强烈改造的浅水环境中一样,微生物形成的原生沉积构造也主要发育在前寒武纪,以及显生宙的一些未受到后生动物强烈改造的潮坪和潟湖等环境之中.因此,该类沉积构造(第五类原生沉积构造)的研究,对于前寒武纪沉积环境重塑具有重要意义.燕山地区元古界串岭沟组和大红峪组碎屑岩中的变余波痕、皱饰构造和纺锤状裂缝,是碎屑岩中微生物形成的原生沉积构造的代表;高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐岩(以灰岩为主)层面上发育大型皱饰构造和变余波痕,是碳酸盐岩中微生物形成的原生沉积构造的代表.这些沉积构造的发现和初步研究,为今后进一步深入研究奠定了良好的基础.
简介:月球是地球唯一的天然卫星,早期学者认为地月系统是普遍存在的行星一卫星系统的一员,但是月球又有许多特征,如质量异常大,挥发分和Fe元素亏损等,传统理论难以解释这些特征。因此,针对月球的起源提出了四种学说:捕获理论,共增生理论,分裂理论和大碰撞假说。目前对大碰撞假说研究较多,但研究者们始终无法较好解释地月系统氧同位素的高度一致等特征。本文试探性提出新的月球起源分裂模型,能较好的解释某些月球特征,引起研究者们对月球起源新的思考。
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简介:Glacierinventorycompilationduringthepast20yearsandmodificationsofthatfortheEasternPamirandBanggongLakeindicatethatthereare46,342modernglacierswithatotalareaandvolumeof59415km2and5601km3respectivelyinChina.Theseglacierscanbeclassifiedintomaritimeandcontinental(includingsub-continentalandextremelycontinental)types.ResearchesshowthatglaciersinChinahavebeenretreatingsincetheLittleIceAgeandthemasswastagewasacceleratedduringthepast30to40years.BeinganimportantpartofglaciologicalstudiesinChina,icecoreclimaticandenvironmentalstudiesonTibetanPlateauandintheAntarcticahaveprovidedabundant,highresolutioninformationaboutpastclimaticandenvironmentalevolutionovertheTibetanPlateauandAntarctica.ExceptfordifferentparametersrecordedinicecoresrelatingtoclimateandenvironmentchangesonTibetanPlateau,recordsfromicecoresextractedfromdifferentglaciersshowthatthediscrepanciesinclimaticandenvironmentalchangesonthenorthandsouthpartsoftheplateaumaybetheconsequenceofdifferentinfluencingeffectsfromterrestrialandsolarsources.GlaciologicalandmeteorologicalphenomenaimplythatLambertGlaciervalleyisanimportantboundaryofclimateintheeastAntarctica,whichisthoughttobeconnectedwithcyclonicactivitiesandCircum-polarWavesovertheAntarctica.
简介:PermafrostinChinaincludeshighlatitudepermafrostinnortheasternChina,alpinepermafrostinnorthwesternChinaandhighplateaupermafrostontheTibetanPlateau.Thehighaltitudepermafrostisabout92%ofthetotalpermafrostareainChina.Thesouthboundaryorlowerlimitoftheseasonallyfrozengroundisdefinedinaccordancewiththe0℃isothermallineofmeanairtemperatureinJanuary,whichisroughlycorrespondingtothelineextendingfromtheQinlingMountainstotheHuaiheRiverintheeastandtothesoutheastboundaryoftheTibetanPlateauinthewest.SeasonalfrozengroundoccursinlargepartsoftheterritoryinnorthernChina,includingNortheast,North,NorthwestChinaandtheTibetanPlateauexceptforpermafrostregions,andaccountingforabout55%ofthelandareaofChina.Thesouthernlimitofshort-termfrozengroundgenerallyswingssouthandnorthalongthe25°northernlatitudeline,occurringinthewetandwarmsubtropicmonsoonclimaticzone.Itsareaislessthan20%ofthelandareaofChina.