简介：CleavageofchromosomalDNAintooligonucleosomalsizefragmentsisanintegralpartofapoptosis.ElegantbiochemicalworkidentifiedtheDNAfragmentationfactor(DFF)asamajorapoptoticendonucleaseforDNAfragmentationinvitroGeneticstudiesinmicesupporttheimportenceofDFFinDNAfragmentationandpossiblyinapoptosisinvivo.RecentworkalsosuggeststheexistenceofadditionalendonucleasesforDNAdegradation.Understandingtherolesofindividualendonucleasesinapoptosis,andhowtheymightcoordinatetodegradeDNAindifferenttissuesduringnormaldevelopmentandhomeostasis,aswellasinvariousdiseasedstates,willbeamajorresearchfocusinthenearfuture.

简介：<正>Apoptosisisahighlyregulatedphysiologicalprocesscriticalindevelopmentandtissuehomeostasis.Abnormalapoptosiscanleadtodiseaseconditionsincludingneurodegeneration,autoimmunityandcancer.DNAfragmentationisanintegralpartofapoptosisandhaslongbeensuspectedtobeofcriticalimportanceincleaninguppotentiallyantigenicDNAandgeneticmaterialcapableofinducingneoplasmictransformationinneighboringcells.DirectevidenceforthisfunctionofDNAfragmentationhowever,isstilllacking.TheidentificationofaheterodimericDNAfragmentationfactor45and40(DFF45andDFF40,alsocalledICADforInhibitorofCaspaseActivatedDNaseandCADforCaspaseActivatedDNaserespectively)aswellas

简介：AsthetopologicalpropertiesofeachspotinDNAmicroarrayimagesmayvaryfromoneanother,weemployedgranulometriestounderstandtheshape-sizecontentcontributedduetoasignificantintensityvaluewithinaspot.Analysiswasperformedonthemicroarrayimagethatconsistedof240spotsbyusingconceptsfrommathematicalmorphology.Inordertofindoutindicesforeachspotandtofurtherclassifythem,weadoptedmorphologicalmultiscaleopenings,whichprovidedmicroarraysatmultiplescales.Successiveopenedmicroarraysweresubtractedtoidentifytheprotrusionsthatweresmallerthanthesizeofstructuringelement.Spot-wisedetails,intermsofprobabilityoftheseobservedprotrusions,werecomputedbyplacingaregularlyspacedgridonmicroarraysuchthateachspotwascenteredineachgrid.Basedontheprobabilityofsizedistributionfunctionsoftheseprotrusionsisolatedateachlevel,weestimatedthemeansizeandtextureindexforeachspot.Withthesecharacteristics,weclassifiedthespotsinamicroarrayimageintobrightanddullcategoriesthroughpatternspectrumandshape-sizecomplexitymeasures.Thesesegregatedspotscanbecomparedwiththoseofhybridizationlevels.

简介：Apoptosiscanbetriggeredbyavarietyofstimuliincludingdeathfactors,anti-cancerdrugsandfactor-deprivation.Theseapoptoticcellsareswiftlyphagocytosedbymacrophagestopreventthereleaseofnoxiousorinflammatorymaterialsfromdyingcells.ThemolecularanalysisofFasligand(adeathfactor)-inducedapoptosisindicatedthatacascadeofproteases(caspases)isactivatedduringthisprocess,whicheventuallyactivatesaspecificDNase(caspase-activatedDNase).CADexistsasacomplexwithitsinhibitor(ICAD)inproliferatingcells.Whenthecellsaretriggeredtoapoptosis,caspases,inparticularcaspase3,inthedownstreamofthecaspasecascadecleaveICAD,whichreleasesCADtocauseDNAdegradationinnuclei.

简介：The2004SoutheastAsiaTsunamikillednearly5,400peopleinSouthernThailand,includingforeigntouristsandlocalresidents.TorecoverDNAevidenceasmuchaspossiblefromtheseriouslydecomposedbodies,weexploredproceduresofsamplepreparationfrombothboneandtoothsamplesaswellasbothmitochondrialandnuclearmarkers.DespitehavingfailedtorecoverenoughDNAfornuclearmarkertyping,wesucceededinobtainingfullyinformativeresultsformitochondrialmarkers(HV1andHV2)from258toothsampleswithasuccessrateof51%(258/507).UsinganorganicDNAextractionmethodcoupledwithanultrafiltrationstep,weobtained16STR(including13CODISloci,onesexdiscriminationlocus,andtwoIdentifilerloci)profilesfor834sampleswithasuccessrateof79%(834/1,062).Inaddition,bycomparingtheallelicfrequenciesbetweenthetypedsamplesasagroupandotherindexpopulations,weconcludethattheThaitsunamivictimsareacombinedgroupofseveralpopulations.Ourresultsprovidevaluableevidenceandprotocolsforthefutureforensicpractice.

简介：Eelfamilyisahugeone,inwhichmanykindsofeelsespeciallysomemigratoryeels,bearstrongresemblancetoeachother,andarethereforedifficulttobeidentified.Inthisstudy29randomprimerswereusedtomakeRAPDanalysisforJapaneseseel(Anguillajaponica),Europeaneel(Anguillaanguilla)andPikeeel(Muraenesoxcinereus).Andtotally299fragmentswerecounted.Sharedorspecificfragmentswerecountedandgeneticsimilarityorgeneticdistancewerecalculated.ThegeneticsimilaritybetweenJapaneseeelandPikeeelis0.68andthegeneticdistancebetweenthemis0.32;thosebetweenEuropeaneelandPikeeelare0.72and0.28respectively,andbetweenJapaneseeelandEuropeaneelare0.74and0.25respectively.Themethodhasbeenshowntobesuitabletomolecularidentificationofeels.Itprovidesanalternativeapproachtodeterminetherelationshipbetweenspecies.

简介：DNA聚合酶III是为DNA的复制负责的五eubacterialDNA聚合酶之一双。在DNA聚合酶III核心酶的十个子单元之中，高山哈子单元两个都为polymerizing催化反应DNA海滨。在这研究，我们提取了高山的genomic序列哈从159的子单元定序eubacterial染色体，并且执行了基于顺序的种系发生、结构的分析。我们发现所有eubacterial染色体有至少一座高山哈子单元，哪个形式homodimers或heterodimers。种系发生并且领域高山的结构的分析以及拷贝数字变化哈在每个细菌的子单元显示高山的分类哈子单元进四个基本的组：polC，dnaE1，dnaE2，和dnaE3。这个分类具有在染色体作文分析的本质。我们也巩固了命名惯例在基因注解避免进一步的混乱。

简介：将个体DNA提取出来后,按一定方式进行混合,构成混合DNA样品池。这种混合DNA样品可用于病因未明的遗传性及遗传易感性疾病的研究。在研究常染色体隐性遗传性耳聋致病基因时,发现与染色体9q的D9S922和D9S301位点有相关性。此方法比通常的连锁分析法省时省力。在肿瘤相关基因或责任基因的研究、法医学的个体认定、基因突变的检测等方面均显示出实用性,值得推广

简介：Humanpolymorphonuclearleukocytes(PMN)havebeenreportedtocompletelylackofDNA-dependentproteinkinase(DNA-PK)whichiscomposedofKuproteinandthecatalyticsubunitDNA-PKcs,neededfornonhomologousend-joining(NHEJ)ofDNAdouble-strandbreaks.PromyelocyticHL-60cellsexpressavariantformofKuresultinginenhancedradiationsensitivity.ThisraisesthequestioniflowefficiencyofNHEJ,instrumentalforthecellularrepairofoxidativedamage,isanormalcharacteristicofmyeloiddifferentiation.HereweconfirmedthecompletelackofDNAPKinPMNproteinextracts,andtheexpressionofthetruncatedKu86variantforminHL-60.However,thisdegradationofDNA-PKwasshowntobeduetoaDNA-PK-degradingproteaseinPMNandHL-60.Inaddition,byusingaprotease-resistantwholecellassay,bothKu86andDNA-PKcscouldbedemonstratedinPMN,suggestingthepreviouslyreportedabsenceinPMNofDNA-PKtobeanartefact.ThelevelsofKu86andDNA-PKcsweremuchreducedinPMN,ascomparedwiththatofthelymphocytes,whereasHL-60displayedamarkedlyelevatedDNA-PKconcentration.Inconclusion,ourfindingsprovideevidenceofreduced,notdepletedexpressionofDNA-PKduringthematurestagesofmyeloiddifferentiation.

简介：本文介绍了阳离子脂质体、聚合胺、减毒侵袭性细菌、Cochleates等可介导疫苗DNA转染的载体，并对肌肉注射、基因枪导入、皮内皮下注射及粘膜接种等可用以DNA疫苗接种的几种免疫途径作一简述。

简介：TounderstandtheDNA-methylationmediatedgenesilencingmechanisms,weanalyzedincellcultureofthepromoterfunctionoftheMAGE-A1gene,whichisfrequentlydemethylatedandover-expressedinhumanhepatocellularcarcinoma.WehaveestablishedthecorrelationoftheDNAmethylationofthepromoterCpGislandwithexpressionstatusofthisgeneinapaneloftheestablishedlivercancercelllines.ThecrucialCpGdinucleotide(s)withintheminimalpromotersubjectedtothecontrolmediatedbyDNAmethylationwithprofoundbiologicalfunctionswasalsodelineated.Furthermore,anovelsequence-specificDNA-proteininteractionatthe-30CpGdinucleotideupstreamofthegenewasfoundhavingavitalparttoplayintheDNAmethylationmediatedtranscriptionsilencingoftheMAGE-A1gene.OurresultswouldnotonlyprovidenewinsightsintotheDNAmethylationmediatedmechanismsovertranscriptionoftheMAGE-A1gene,butalsopavethewayforfurtherdefiningthecross-talkamongDNAmethylation,histonemodificationandchromatinremodelingindetail.

简介：Meiotic前期我是一个长、复杂的阶段。相应再结合是在meiotic前期期间发生在相应染色体之间的一个重要过程我。chiasmata的形成，它一起保持相应染色体直到中期我到后期，我转移，为合适的染色体分离是批评的。最近的研究建议了SPO11蛋白质在产生被认为是相应再结合的起点的双strandedDNA裂缝(DSB)的地点在很多个有机体保存了功能。DSB的这些地点处理要求RecA相当或相同的事物的功能，例如RAD51，DMC1，和其它，由变异的研究建议了；因此，修理这些meioticDSB的失败导致反常chromosomal引申，导致破坏成熟分裂。这些RecA相当或相同的事物的功能上的最近的发现改进了位于meiotic下面的机制的理解相应再结合。

简介：RecognitionofDNAdamageisacriticalstepforDNAdamage-mediatedcellularresponse.XPCisanimportantDNAdamagerecognitionproteininvolvedinnucleotideexcisionrepair(NER).WehavestudiedtheXPCproteinincisplatinDNAdamagingtreatment-mediatedcellularresponse.ComparisonofthemicroarraydatafrombothnormalandXPCdefectivehumanfibroblastsidentified861XPC-responsivegenesinthecisplatintreatment(withminimumfoldchange≥1.5).Thecellcycleandcellproliferation-relatedgenesarethemostaffectedgenesbytheXPCdefectinthetreatment.Manyothercellularfunctiongenes,especiallytheDNArepairandsignaltransduction-relatedgenes,werealsoaffectedbytheXPCdefectinthetreatment.Tovalidatethemicroarraydata,thetranscriptionlevelsofsomemicroarray-identifiedgeneswerealsodeterminedbyanRT-PCRbasedrealtimePCRassay.TherealtimePCRresultsareconsistentwiththemicroarraydataformostofthetestedgenes,indicatingthereliabilityofthemicroarraydata.Tofurthervalidatethemicroarraydata,thecisplatintreatment-mediatedcaspase-3activationwasalsodetermined.TheWesternblothybridizationresultsindicatethattheXPCdefectgreatlyattenuatesthecisplatintreatment-mediatedCaspase-3activation.Weelucidatedtheroleofp53proteinintheXPCproteinDNAdamagerecognition-mediatedsignalingprocess.TheXPCdefectreducesthecisplatintreatment-mediatedp53response.TheseresultssuggestthattheXPCproteinplaysanimportantroleinthecisplatintreatment-mediatedcellularresponse.Itmayalsosuggestapossiblemechanismofcancercelldrugresistance.

简介：Asimplemethodtocreateachromosome-specificDNAlibrqaryofrice,includingmicrodissection,amplification,charterizationandcloning,isdescribed.Ricechromosome4fromametaphasecellhasbeenisolatedandamplifiedbytheLinkerAdapterPCR(LA-PCR).ThePCRproductswerelabeledasprobeswithDIG-11-dUTPusingtherandomprimingmethod.SouthernblotanalysiswithricegenomicDNAandspecificRFLPmarkersdemonstratedthatthePCRproductswerederivedfromricechromosome4.Alargelibrarycomprisingover100,000recombinantplasmidmicroclonesfromricechromosome4wasconstructed.Colonyhybridizationshowedthat58%oftheclonescontainedsingleorlow-copysequencesand42%containedrepetitivesequences.ThesizeofinsertsgeneratedbyPCRrangedfrom140bpto500bp.ThismethodwillfacilitatecloningofthespecificchromosomeDNAmarkersandimportantgenesofrice.

简介：预防与控制乙型肝炎发病的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)疫苗，是有重大的社会和经济意义。HBV的持续感染可引起慢性肝脏疾患，并逐步发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。目前的乙肝重组亚单位疫苗可以使90％的接种者产生保护性抗体；但是对慢性HBV携带者，由于其机体对HBsAg蛋白产生耐受，不能产生体液和细胞免疫，因此它只能作为一种预防性的疫苗。DNA疫苗(基因疫苗)是一种新的疫苗技术，通过向体内递送编码抗原的细菌质粒，刺激产生特异的体液和细胞免疫反应。在小鼠和其他的肝炎病毒感染动物模型中，HBVDNA疫苗可以特异性地引起体液和细胞免疫，清除HBV转基因动物血循环中的HBsAg颗粒和HBVDNA。如果加入各种免疫调节细胞因子的基因，可以进一步提高HBVDNA疫苗的免疫效果，因此它不仅可作为预防性疫苗，也可作为治疗型疫苗。

简介：DNAsequencescanbetreatedasfinite-lengthsymbolstringsoverafour-letteralphabet(A,C,T,G).Asauniversalandcomputablecomplexitymeasure,LZcomplexityisvalidtodescribethecomplexityofDNAsequences.Inthisstudy,aconceptofconditionalLZcomplexitybetweentwosequencesisproposedaccordingtotheprincipleofLZcomplexitymeasure.AnLZcomplexitydistancemetricbetweentwononnullsequencesisdefinedbyutilizingconditionalLZcomplexity.BasedonLZcomplexitydistance,aphylogenetictreeof26speciesofplacentalmammals(Eutheria)withthreeoutgroupspecieswasreconstructedfromtheircompletemitochondrialgenomes.Onthedebatethatwhichtwoofthethreemaingroupsofplacentalmammals,namelyPrimates,Ferungulates,andRodents,aremorecloselyrelated,thephylogenetictreereconstructedbasedonLZcomplexitydistancesupportsthesuggestionthatPrimatesandFerungulatesaremorecloselyrelated.

简介：采用SDS和CTAB两种方法分离提取金丝小枣基因组DNA,并比较其提取效果.结果表明,改进后的CTAB法可获得高质量、高得率的基因组DNA,可用于金丝小枣的各种分子生物学研究.

简介：到亚科的从类水平的Delphacid关系完全被解决了(在那些之中征税一检验)用从12S的3''结束的顺序数据，gene.Monophyly，non-asiracine，亚科强烈被支持，asiracineUgyops被放在最树的基础位置。支持层次为monophyly在weightingtransversions以后的Delphaciniincreased更重重地比转变并且在把cixiidoutgroup从数据集移开以后。在Delphacini之中，Conomelus和Megamelus比也到过Chloriona与对方有关仔细是更多。这些结果基于词法人物与树一致。然而，与词法数据相对照我们的结果强烈在之间的supportedasister组关系Stenocraninae和Kelisiinae。尽管12S基因碎片在Chloriona以内关于种类关系给了一些信息，既不这碎片也不16S基因的5''结束看起来为这水平很有用。Molecularevolutionary模式提供了在从T的基础作文有移动到Aduring的证据non-Asiracinae的早进化。non-Asiracinae也有比较地快的替换率，这二观察可能被相关。在“现代”的delphacidChloriona，AT内容在没有限制的区域是比较地低的，但是这为“非现代”的delphacids不是事实。为缬氨酸的tRNA是在其它地方的translocated，可能从对方在Delphacidae和Cixiidae前分叉。

简介：AninteractivetooltovisualizetheK-stringcompositionoflongDNAsequencesincludingbacterialcompletegenomesisdescribed.Itisespeciallyusefulforexploringshortpalindromicstructuresinthesequences.TheSeeDNAprogramrunsonRedHatLinuxwithGTK+support.Itdisplaystwo-dimensional(2D)orone-dimensional(1D)histogramsoftheK-stringdistributionofagivensequenceand/oritsrandomizedcounterpart.ItisalsocapableofshowingthedifferenceofK-stringdistributionsbetweentwosequences.TheCsourcecodeusingtheGTK+packageisfreelyavailable.

简介：人类基因组测序工作的完成使人们可以方便地调用任何基因序列,但仅有基因序列并不能解释众多的生物学问题,这要求发展一种高通量的技术用于研究基因的生物学功能以及基因的相互作用.DNA微阵列技术以其高通量的特点,已经在肿瘤生物学的研究中逐渐被采用.由于癌症是源于基因表达谱改变的基因疾病,通过DNA微阵列技术研究癌症细胞和对应的正常细胞的基因表达差异,将会使人们更好地了解肿瘤的形成和发展过程.