简介:Colorectalcarcinoma(CRC)isacommoncauseofmorbidityandmortalityworldwide.TwopathogenicpathwaysareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofadenomatoCRC.ThefirstpathwayinvolvesAPC/β-catenincharacterizedbychromosomalinstabilityresultingintheaccumulationofmutations.ThesecondpathwayischaracterizedbylesionsinDNAmismatchrepairgenes.AberrantDNAmethylationinselectedgenepromotershasemergedasanewepigeneticpathwayinCRCdevelopment.CRCscreeningisthemostefficientstrategytoreducedeath.SpecificDNAmethylationeventsoccurinmultistepcarcinogenesis.EpigeneticgenesilencingisacausativefactorofCRCdevelopment.DNAmethylationshavebeenextensivelyexaminedinstoolfromCRCandprecursorlesions.ManymethylatedgeneshavebeendescribedinCRCandadenoma,althoughnodefiniteDNAmethylationbiomarkerspanelhasbeenestablished.MultipleDNAmethylationbiomarkers,includingsecretedfrizzled-relatedprotein2,secretedfrizzled-relatedprotein1,tissuefactorpathwayinhibitor2,vimentin,andmethylguanineDNAmethyltransferase,havebeenfurtherinvestigated,andobservationshaverevealedthatDNAmethylationbiomarkersexhibitwithhighsensitivityandspecificity.ThesemarkersmayalsobeusedtodiagnoseCRCandadenomainearlystages.Realtimepolymerasechainreaction(qPCR)issensitive,scalable,specific,reliable,timesaving,andcosteffective.Stoolexfoliatedmarkersprovideadvantages,includingsensitivityandspecificity.AstoolqPCRmethylationtestmayalsobeanenhancedtoolforCRCandadenomascreening.
简介:目的利用DNA条形码技术鉴定在入境航空器中截获的1只鼠类。方法提取截获鼠类的肝脏DNA,通过PCR方法扩增细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(cytochromecoxidaseI,COI)基因并测序。将测序结果进行比对分析,从而鉴定物种。结果成功扩增到该鼠类样本的COI基因,通过序列对比和系统进化分析,显示该鼠序列与黄胸鼠同源性为100%,鉴定为黄胸鼠。结论DNA条形码技术在啮齿动物鉴定中应用良好,是一种简单、快速、高效的鼠类鉴定方法。
简介:Aminoglycosides(AmAn)arewidelyusedfortheirgreatefficiencyagainstgram-negativebacterialinfections.However,theycanalsoinduceototoxichearingloss,whichhasaffectedmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Aspreviouslyreported,individualsbearingmitochondrialDNAmutationsinthe12SrRNAgene,suchasm.1555A>Gandm.1494C>T,aremorepronetoAmAn-inducedototoxicity.Thesemutationscausehumanmitochondrialribosomestomorecloselyresemblebacterialribosomesandenableastrongeraminoglycosideinteraction.Consequently,exposuretoAmAncaninduceorworsenhearinglossintheseindividuals.Furthermore,awiderangeofseverityandpenetranceofhearinglosswasobservedamongfamiliescarryingthesemutations.StudieshaverevealedthatthesemitochondriamutationsaretheprimarymolecularmechanismofgeneticsusceptibilitytoAmAnototoxicity,thoughnuclearmodifiergenesandmitochondrialhaplotypesareknowntomodulatethephenotypicmanifestation.
简介:摘要目的研讨乙肝前S1抗原(PreS1-Ag)、e抗原(HBeAg)与其DNA的检出关系。方法对684例慢性乙肝患者的PreS1-Ag用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测,HBeAg用化学发光检测,乙肝DNA(HBV-DNA)用实时荧光定量聚合酶链(PCR)法检测。结果HBV-DNA阳性患者中,PreS1-Ag阳性率为82.98%,而HBeAg阳性率为36.17%;在PreS1-Ag阳性患者中,HBV-DNA阳性为95.4%,而HBeAg阳性患者中,HBV-DNA阳性率为45.9%。结论PreS1-Ag、HBeAg和HBV-DNA之间具有一定的相关性,进行联合检测能准确地反应出病毒的复制情况,为临床诊断和治疗提供新的依据。
简介:导出病毒的nucleic酸的细胞的察觉到为对病毒感染的早防卫是必要的。在最近的年里,包括周期的GMP安培synthase(cGAS)和gamma-interferon-inducible蛋白质(IFI16),察觉到蛋白质的DNA的发现导致了房间怎么对带DNA染色体的到来的病原体唤起强壮的天生的有免疫力的回答的理解。发信号由DNA传感器刺激了取决于适配器蛋白质圈套(干扰素基因的激发器),到启用抗病毒的蛋白质的表示,包括类型我干扰素。便于有效感染,病毒发展了大量避免策略,指向的主人DNA传感器,适配器蛋白质和抄写因素。在这评论,STING小径的导致病毒的激活上的当前的文学被介绍,我们讨论在这条抗病毒的小径指向不同的步的最近识别的病毒的避免机制。