简介：Byconstructingaseriesofmixture,whichisinseparablebutsatisfiestheMermin-Klyshkoinequality,fortheN-qubitsystem,weprovethat'violationoftheMermin-Klyshkoinequality'isnotequivalentto'thestateisinseparable'.

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简介：Thegeneralexpressionwiththephysicalsignificanceandpositive-definiteconditionoftheeigenvaluesof4×4Hermitianandtrace-onematrixareobtained.TheobviousexpressionofPeres'separabilityconditionforanarbitrarystateoftwoqubitsisthengivenanditsoperationalfeatureisenhanced.Furthermore,wediscusssomeapplicationstothecalculationoftheentanglement,theupperboundoftheentanglement,andamodelofthetransferofentanglementinaqubitchainwithnoise.

简介：NewZealandrabbitswererandomlydividedintoanischemiagroup(occlusionoftheabdominalaortafor60minutes),anischemia-reperfusiongroup(occlusionoftheabdominalaortafor60minutesfollowedby48hoursofreperfusion)andasham-surgerygroup.Two-dimensionalgelelectrophoresisdetected49differentiallyexpressedproteinsinspinalcordtissuefromtheischemiaandischemia/reperfusiongroupsand23ofthemwereidentifiedbymassspectrometry.Intheischemiagroup,theexpressionofeightproteinswasupregulated,andthatoftheremainingfourproteinswasdownregulated.Intheischemia/reperfusiongroup,theexpressionoffourproteinswasupregulated,andthatoftwoproteinswasdownregulated.Inthesham-surgerygroup,onlyoneproteinwasdetected.Intheischemiaandischemia/reperfusiongroups,fourproteinsoverlappedbetweengroupswiththesamedifferentialexpression,includingthreethatwereupregulatedandonedownregulated.Theseproteinswererelatedtoenergymetabolism,celldefense,inflammatorymechanismandcellsignaling.

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简介：我们现在的kth顺序纠纷措施和全球kth顺序纠纷为多国参加的纯状态测量，并且为由两部组成的纯状态扩大班尼特部分熵的措施到一个多国参加的盒子。这些措施是可计算出来的并且能有效地分类并且确定多国参加的纯状态的纠纷。

简介：Noinstrumentisabletomeasuredirectlythequantumentanglementofasystem.However,boththeoryandexperiment,followingthewell-knownBellinequality,revealtheexistenceoftheentanglementphenomenoninquantummechanics.Toexaminethecharacterizationofquantumentanglement,herewepresentatwo-sitecavitysystem,inwhicheachcavitycontainsaΛ-typethree-levelatomandthetwositesareidenticalandcoupledwitheachother.Weinvestigateandcalculatethebipartiteentanglemententropyofthesystemforthegroundstates.Forphotonsofdifferenttypes,correspondingtothetwogroundstatesoftheatom,weinvestigatethecorrelationsandviolationoftheBellinequality.

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简介：Effortstopharmacologicallyrestorecentralnervoussystem(CNS)functionafterinjuryhashistoricallyfocusedonpromotingnervegrowthwithnervegrowthfactorssuchasnervegrowthfactor(NGF),neurotrophin3(NT3)andbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF).However,spinal

简介：AbstractThe rate of twin pregnancies has increased over the last decades, largely because of the ongoing development of assisted reproductive technology and increased maternal age at childbearing. Twins have a higher risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and the perinatal period. The prevalence of umbilical cord abnormalities is higher for twin pregnancies compared with singleton pregnancies. Some of these abnormalities are nonspecific to twinning and can also be found in singleton gestations (such as velamentous cord insertion, vasa previa, and single umbilical artery). Other abnormalities are associated with monochorionic twins, such as umbilical cord entanglement, and umbilical proximate cord insertion. Most of these abnormalities can be detected by ultrasound evaluation. The early and accurate ultrasound diagnosis of chorionicity, amnionicity, and placental and umbilical cord characteristics is crucial if we are to predict the risk of complications and to determine the best management for twin pregnancies. Histopathological examination of the placenta and umbilical cord after delivery can help to confirm prenatal diagnosis and to provide a better understanding of the physiopathology of their abnormalities. The aim of this review was to emphasize the role that the umbilical cord plays in twin complications and to describe the management of these high-risk pregnancies.

简介：Inthispaper,wewillexploretheessenceofthephenomenonthatstatewithlessentanglementmaygenerategreaterBellviolationinthetwo-qubitBelltestswithCH-typeinequalities,i.e.,morenonlocalitywithlessentanglement.Wewillshowthatthisinterestingbutcounterintuitivephenomenoniscausedbytherotationalasymmetryofthenonmaximallyentangledstateinthemeasurementplane.Thisasymmetryallowstheboth-sidedetectionprobabilitiesandtheone-sidedetectionprobabilitiesobtaintheirmaximalvalueswithnonmaximallyentangledstate.ButthemaximalBellviolationmaynotalwayshappenonnonmaximallyentangledstate,becausetheseprobabilitieswillcompetewitheachother,andtheBellviolationbehavesdiferentlyforvariousCH-typeinequalities.

简介：Thedynamicsofentanglementbetweentwoqubitsinthelocaldampingtwo-sidedchannelandsinglesidedchannelarecomparedthroughnon-MarkovianprocessandMarkovianprocess.Theentanglementbetweentwoqubitsisfoundtobelongerinthesingle-sidedchannelcaseduetotheweakeningofthedissipativeeffects.Inthetwo-sidedchannel,influencedbytheentanglementbetweenqubits,thepreviousindependentdissipativechannelsinclinetothecompositeeffectoftheMarkovianprocess.Thiscompositeeffectresultsinthedissipativeeffectofonechannelaffectingthequbitsintheotherchannel,especiallyinhibitingthebackfloweffectinthenon-Markovianchannel,whichisdisadvantageoustotheentanglementmaintenancebetweenqubits.IntheMarkovianchannel,thecompositeeffectofthedampingtwo-sidedchannelsismoreobvioussincethereisnobackfloweffect,thusmoredisadvantageoustotheentanglementmaintenance.

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简介：AbstractPurpose:The median time from the event leading to the spinal cord injury (SCI) to the time of decompressive surgery is estimated to be 6.9 days in Iran, which is much longer than the proposed ideal time (less than 24 h) in published guidelines. The current qualitative study aimed to determine the reasons for the observed decompression surgery delay in Iran from the perspective of neurosurgeons.Methods:This qualitative study is designed to perform content analysis on the gathered data from face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 12 Iranian neurosurgeons.Results:The findings of the current study suggest that patient-related factors constitute more than half of the codes extracted from the interviews. Overall, the type of injury, presence of polytrauma, and surgeons' wrong attitude are the main factors causing delayed spinal cord decompression in Iranian patients from the perspective of neurosurgeons. Other notable factors include delay in transferring patients to the trauma center, delay in availability of necessary equipment, and scarce medical personnel.Conclusion:In the perspective of neurosurgeons, the type of injury, presence of polytrauma, and surgeons' wrong attitude are the leading reasons for delayed decompressive surgery of individuals with SCI in Iran.