简介：Molecularmaterialsarethoseconstitutedbyweakintermolecularinteractions(e.g.,interac-tion,hydrogenbonding,andvanderWaalsforce)betweenindividualcomponentmolecules.Whileconventionalsemiconductingmaterialsareconstitutedbystrongintermolecularinteractions(e.g.,covalentbonding,metallicbonding,and

简介：Grapheneisaone-atom-thickplanarsheetofsp2-hybridizedorbitalbondedhoneycombcarboncrystal.Itsgaplessandlinearenergyspectraofelectronsandholesleadtotheuniquecarriertransportandopticalproperties,suchasgiantcarriermobilityandbroadbandflatopticalresponse.Asanovelmaterial,graphenehasbeenregardedtobeextremelysuitableandcompetentforthedevelopmentofterahertz(THz)opticaldevices.Inthispaper,thefundamentalelectronicandopticpropertiesofgraphenearedescribed.Basedontheenergybandstructureandlighttransmittancepropertiesofgraphene,manynovelgraphenebasedTHzdeviceshavebeenproposed,includingmodulator,generator,detector,andimagingdevice.Thisprogresshasbeenreviewed.FutureresearchdirectionsofthegraphenedevicesforTHzapplicationsarealsoproposed.

简介：Thebasicsandapplicationsofacousto-opticdevicesaredescribed,Theapplicationsincludeacousto-opticspectrumanalyzer,acousto-opticdeflector,acousto-opticprocessorsandacousto-opticdigitalmatrixcomputer.

简介：Thispaperreviewsthestudiesonacoustoelectriceffectinextrinsicsemiconductormaterialsusedinvariousscientificandothermeasurements.Ahistoricalreviewofearlierfindingsisgivenwithspecialreferencetoassociatedmechanisms.Acoustoelectricstudiesinsolidstatedevioesrequirefurtherattentionandtheworkdoneinthisareaisalsodiscussed.

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简介：Studiesonterahertz(THz)radiationandfunctionadeviceshavedrawnincreasingattentionduetotheirapplicationsinbiologicalimagingandsensingnondestructiveevaluation,nationalsecurity,spectroscopyandhighspeedcommunication.TunableTHzsourcesbasedondifferencefrequencyorparametricoscillationgenerationarehighlyefficientandreliablefortheseapplications

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简介：Theterahertzwaveisconsideredtohavegreatvaluesandplentifulapplications,suchasinmaterialscience,analysisofmolecularspectra,informationandcommunicationtechnology,biologyandmedicalscience,nondestructiveevaluation,andnationalsecurity.High-powerwidelytunableterahertzsourcesarerequiredintheabovepracticalapplicationsofterahertztechnologies.Apromisingapproachformonochromaticterahertzgenerationisbasedonsecond-ordernonlinearopticaleffect,

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简介：Photoconductiveswitcheswerethekeycomponentsthatallowedthegenerationanddetectionofcoherentbroadbandelectromagneticpulsesatterahertzfrequencies,openingthepossibilityforperformingspectroscopyand,therefore,measuringcomplexdielectricpropertiesofmaterialsinthisband,whichwasmostlyunexplored.Inthispaper,wepresentabriefintroductiontotheoperationprinciplesofthesedevices.Subsequently,wepresentareviewofthecurrentstate-of-the-artinthisfieldanddiscussthechallengestobefacedinfuturedevelopmentofthesedevices.

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简介：Fromanordinarycondition,usingafullthree-dimensionalmodeltheoryandaninfiniteperturbationexpansionmethod,anexactsolutionofthere-flectioncoefficientforthecoatednarrowstripe-geometryopticalwaveguidedeviceshasbeenderived.Allsixcomponentsandthevectorpropertyoftheelectroma-gneticfieldhavebeenconsidered.Theresultsaresuitableforthesymmetricandasymmetricwaveguides.

简介：WiththerapiddevelopmentofhighdamprojectswithinChina,thedragon-drop-tailspillwaytunnelisintroducedandwidelyused.Inviewofthehighwaterheadandthelargeflowvelocityonthedragon-drop-tailsection,aeratordevicesareusuallyplacedforthecavitationdamagecontrol.Forthedeviceplacedinitsinitialposition,itisaseriousconcerntodesignasuitableflowregimeofthecavityandtocontrolthecavityfillingwaterduetothelargeflowdepthandthelowFroudenumberthroughthisaerator.Inthisstudy,therelationshipsbetweenthegeometriesoftheaeratordeviceandthejetimpactangleofthelowertrajectoryoftheflowaretheoreticallyanalyzedwith/withoutalocalslope.Ninetestcaseswithdifferentgeometriesaredesigned,theeffectivenessofthefillingwatercontrolisexperimentallyinvestigatedunderdifferentoperationconditions,andtwocriteriaofthelocalslopedesignareproposed.Itisconcludedthatthecavityflowregimeandthefillingwatercanbeimprovedifasmallimpactangleandsomesuitablegeometriesofthelocalslopearedesigned.

简介：Multimode干扰(MMI)设备广泛地在平面lightwave电路(PLC)被使用。设备长度能很好与逐渐变细的multimode区域被减少。传统的设计公式基于弱限制的波导为MMI设备显示出大错误。作为波导宽度的替换与模式宽度基于分析，有更好的精确的一个设计公式被介绍。有软件模拟的比较验证了它的精确。CLC数字TN256

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简介：Howtodesignclinicaltrialsformedicaldevicesisaproblemplaguingtheindustrytoday.Astherearemanydifferencesinclinicaltrialsofmedicaldevicesanddrugs.Thispaperdescribesthedifferencesofthetwopointsfromtheperspectivsofdefinitionofmedicaldevicesanddrugs,scope,phasing,subjectsanddesignofclinicaltrialsindetails,aimingtohelptherelatedpersonnelmakescientificdecisionswhileconductingclinicaltrialdesignformedicaldevices.

简介：在这份报纸，我们基于保角的mappings建议幻想光学的一个简单方法。由小心地与特定的保角的mappings开发图案，一个人能让一个目标与显著地不同的形状看起来像另外一个。另外，幻想光设备能在频率的一条宽带工作。

简介：AbstractThe use of copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs) is a safe, effective, and long-term contraceptive method. Here, we review the effects of Cu-IUDs on subsequent pregnancy and the morphology, local coagulation function, sensitivity to estrogen and progesterone, cell proliferation, and immune response of the endometrium. Studies on the morphology of endometrium indicate that the use of Cu-IUDs can affect the number and binding capacity of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium and reduce the response of the endometrium to estrogen and progesterone. The use of Cu-IUDs can also affect the proliferation of endometrial cells, suggesting that the aseptic inflammation caused by Cu-IUDs may differ from chronic infectious or noninfectious inflammation; this highlights that the use of Cu-IUDs provides protection against endometrial proliferative diseases. The use of Cu-IUDs increases local endometrial angiogenesis, bleeding tendency, and fibrinolytic activity, which can result in prolonged menstruation or abnormal uterine bleeding. Additionally, the use of Cu-IUDs can cause the infiltration of numerous lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and other inflammatory cells around the endometrial gland and changes in endometrial immune function, immune cell function, and the number and type of immune molecules. Cu-IUD-induced decidual injury significantly increases the invasiveness of trophoblasts, further affecting the aberrant expression of their growth-, angiogenesis-, and invasion-related factors and improving the formation of the placenta. Moreover, the endometrial damage caused by Cu-IUD placement before embryo transfer can improve both clinical pregnancy and live birth rates; however, specific changes in the immune system after Cu-IUD use as well as its effects on future pregnancies require further investigation.

简介：Terahertz(THz)technologypromisesimportantapplicationsincludingimaging,spectroscopy,andcommunications.However,oneoflimitationsatpresentforadvancingTHzapplicationsisthelackofefficientdevicestomanipulateTHzwaves.Here,ourrecentimportantprogressesinTHzfunctionaldevicesbasedonartificialmicrostructures,suchasphotoniccrystal,metamaterial,andplasmonicstructures,havebeenreviewedinthispaper,involvingtheTHzmodulator,isolator,andsensor.TheseTHzmicrostructurefunctionaldevicesexhibitgreatpromisingpotentialinTHzapplicationsystems.