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简介：Accordingtothepracticeofurbanactivefaultexplorationandassociatedfaultactivityassessmentconductedinrecentyears,thispapersummarizestheproblemsencounteredingeological,geomorphological,geochemicalandgeophysicalsurveys,andproposesthefollowingmeansandsuggestionstosolvetheseproblems.Todeterminethemostrecentfaultsorfaultzones,emphasisshouldbeplacedonidentifyingtheyoungestactivefaultsandoffsetgeomorphology.Tounderstandthehistoryoffaultingandtodiscoverthelatestoffsetevent,itissuggestedthatgeophysicalprospecting,drillingandtrenchingbeconductedononeprofile.BecauseofsignificantuncertaintiesinlateQuaternarydating,weadvisesystematicsamplingandtheuseofmultipledatingmethods.Shallowseismicreflectionhasbeenproventobethemostusefulmethodinurbanactivefaultexploration.However,thereisapressingneedtoincreasethequalityofdataacquisitionandprocessingtoobtainhighresolutionimagessoastoenhanceourabilitytoidentifyactivefaults.ThecombinationofseismicP-wavereflectionandS-wavereflectionmethodsisprovedtobeapowerfulmeanstoinvestigatethetectonicenvironmentsofthedeepcrust.

简介：Theconceptoffaultjunctionisproposedtodescribetherelationshipbetweenthetwofaultsbytheauthors.ThejunctionrelationshipbetweenGanjiangandTanlufaultsisanalyzedinthispaper,andthishasbeenelucidatedthroughnumericalsimulationaboutthetectonicstressfieldanalysis.NumericalsimulationofthetectonicstressfieldconductedforthemajormineralizationstageoftheJiujiang-Ruichangjunctionarearevealsthatthestressfieldofthejunctionstructureatthemajormineralizationstageshowsarelativelycloserelationshipwiththeformationoftheoredeposits(occurrences).

简介：BycomputingandclassifyingthedataofgullyoffsetobtainedfromfieldsurveysalongtheTianjingshanfaultzoneandestimatingtheagesofthreetypesofgullies,thestrike-slipratesalongthefaultzonearediscussedindifferenttimeintervalsandfaultsegments.Theresultssuggestthattheintensityofactivityalongthefaultzoneisnotstrong,butthedifferencesbetweendifferenttimeintervalsandfaultsegmentssincethelatePleistocenehavebeenobvious.Theaverageratesrangefrom0.23mm/ato1.62mm/a.Thelargestaveragerateis1.40mm/a,whichoccurredintheearlyandmiddleoflatePleistocenealongthewesternsegmentofthefaultzone.SincethelatestageofthelatePleistocene,thecenteroffaultingactivityofthefaultzonehasshiftedtothemiddlesegment,andtheaverageslipratesrangehavechangedfrom1.30mm/ato1.63mm/a.

简介：TheYuguangbasinisahalf-grabenbasininthebasin-rangetectoniczoneinnorthwestBeijing,locatedatthenorthernendoftheShanxigrabensystem,andtheYuguangbasinsouthernmarginalfault(YBSMF)controlstheformationofthisbasin.AlinearfaultescarpmenthasformedintheproluvialfanonthepiedmontfaultzoneoftheTangshankousegmentofYBSMF.Atrenchacrossthisescarpmentrevealsthreepaleo-earthquakeeventsontwoactivefaults.Onefaultrupturedatabout9kaforthefirsttime,andthenfaultedagainatabout7.3ka,causingtheformationandsynchronousactivityofanotherfault.Finally,theyfaultedforthethirdtime,butwecannotdeterminethefaultingtimeduetothelackofrelevantsurfacedeposition.Theaccumulativeverticaldisplacementofthesethreeeventsisabout8.1m.Weestimatethattheaveragerecurrenceperiodofthepiedmontfaultisabout1.7ka,andtheaveragesliprateofthepiedmontfaultisabout1.6mm/a.Wealsoestimatethereferencemagnitudeofeacheventaccordingtotheempiricalformula.

简介：Characteristicslipandcharacteristicearthquakemodelshavebeenproposedforseveraldecades.Suchmodelshavebeensupportedrecentlybyhigh-resolutionoffsetmeasurements.Thesemodelssuggestthatslipalongafaultrecursviasimilarlysized,largeearthquakes.Theinter-eventstrainaccumulationrate(ratioofearthquakeslipandprecedinginterseismictimeperiod)isusedheretotestthecharacteristicearthquakemodelbylinkingtheslipandtimingofpastearthquakesontheHaiyuanFault.Weaddresshowtheinter-eventstrainaccumulationratevariesovermultipleseismiccyclesbycombiningpaleoearthquakestudieswithhigh-resolutionairbornelightdetectionandranging(LiDAR)datatodocumentthetimingandsizeofpaleoearthquakedisplacementsalongthewesternandmiddlesegmentsoftheHaiyuanFault.Ourobservationsencompass5earthquakecycles.WefindsignificantvariationsovertimeandspacealongtheHaiyuanFault.WeobservethatonthemiddlesegmentoftheHaiyuanFaulttheratesslowdownorincreaseasananticorrelatedfunctionoftheratesofprecedingearthquakes.Here,weproposethattheinter-eventstrainaccumulationratesonthemiddlesegmentoftheHaiyuanFaultareoscillatingbothspatiallyandtemporally.However,alongthewesternsegment,theinter-eventstrainaccumulationrateisbothspatiallyandtemporallysteady,whichisinagreementwithquasi-periodicandslip-predictablemodels.Finally,weproposethatdifferentfaultsegmentswithinasinglefaultzonemaybehaveaccordingtodifferentearthquakemodels.

简介：Ｓｔｕｄｙ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ａｃｔｉｖｅ　ｆａｕｌｔ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙ　ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ　ｍｅｔｈｏｄ──ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　Ｘｉａｎｓｈｕｉｈｅ　ｆａｕｌｔ　ｚｏｎｅ（张超）（陈连旺）（赵国光）...

简介：Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofmisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrisis;

简介：重要信息指差错运动(例如，差错活动时期，紧张，频率，和甚至有活力的背景)当渗出或磨擦时，能被解决差错凿揭示，它是差错运动的结果。地调查包含了样品从QinlingOrogenic带(QOB)的西方的片断的Bailong河差错系统收集；差错凿的44件样品为石英被收集微形态学的分析。这些样品用扫描电子显微镜学的地排放被分析。另外，14件样品为标明日期的热照明被测试。结果证明大多数石英谷物的表面质地被鱼规模，像苔藓的质地，和钟乳石描绘。然而，像皮的破裂和worm-hole-like塑造了的橘子的小数量表面质地被观察。而且，在石英谷物的一些典型conchoids或subconchoidal破裂能被看见。这暗示Bailong河差错在第四级的时期期间反复是活跃的，但是主要运动时期是更新世。标明日期价值的14热照明显示出二个年龄组：343.29-184.06ka和92.18-13.87ka。这些学习数据表明那个差错运动在上新世期间开始了，在更新世的早中间的时期经常发生了，并且运动的山峰频率在早更新世被到达。差错运动被停止在早Holocene终止了。结果为在QOB的西方的片断的自然灾难风险评估是重要的。

简介：基于卫星雷达的工作原则，地震变丑地由interferometric测量了合成的孔(InSAR)地面排水量的设计在卫星的视觉(LOS)的线与seismogenic差错被联系。然而，LOS设计是复杂的，并且不仅与上升/下降的模式和SAR数据的发生角度有关，而且与罢工和差错的运动感觉有关。甚至为一样的地震，从不同上升/下降的数据导出的LOS变丑能是几乎在另一种情况中在一种情况中相同，却相当不同，它与域观察做InSAR地震变丑和它的比较的解释困难。在这研究，我们拿了在罢工，差错运动感觉，和上升/下降的模式，以及3D变丑回答的InSAR和差错的LOS观察敏感之间的关系的定量分析。我们用上升/下降模式在地震的不同类型学习了LOS变丑领域的特征和差别，与为地震的一种罢工滑倒类型的关系的特别地详细的分析。我们也与不同罢工和最佳的观察数据模式总结了差错的LOS变丑领域的特征。作为例子拿罢工滑倒Yushu地震和正常Gaize事件，我们使用了上升/下降的模式的SAR数据验证量的计算的结果。这些分析愿望不仅提供InSAR地震变丑领域的更合理的解释并且而且帮助理解数据与不同观察模式揭示的地震变丑领域的差别，因此在地震学支持InSAR技术的应用程序。

简介：Thispaperstudiesrestrictedfaultdiameterofthen-dimensionalhypercubenetworksQn(n≥2).ItisshownthatforarbitrarytwoverticesxandywiththedistancedinQnandanysetFwithatmost2n-3verticesinQn-{x,y},ifFcontainsneitherofneighbor-setsofxandyinQn,thenthedistancebetweenxandyinQn-FisgivenbyD(Qn-F；x,y){=1,for=1；≤d+4,for2≤d≤n-2,n≥4；≤n+1,ford=n-1,n≥3；=n,ford=n.Furthermore,theupperboundsaretight.Asanimmediatelyconsequence,Qncantolerateupto2n-3verticesfailuresandremaindiameter4ifn=3andn+2ifn≥4providedthatforeachvertexxinQn,alltheneighborsofxdonotfailatthesametime.ThisimprovesEsfahanian'sresult.

简介：Slipdistributionofthe1979ImperialValley,1989LomaPrieta,1992Landers,1994Northridge,and1995Kobeearthquakeshowsapiece-wiseGutenberg-Richter'slaw.Forsmallslips,theb-valueisnearto1;whileforlargeslips,theb-valueislargerthan1.

简介：Basedonexperimentmodalanalysis(EMA)andoperationmodalanalysis(OMA),thedynamiccharacteristicsofcylindricalgrindingmachineweremeasuredandprovidedabasisforfurtherfailureanalysis.Theinfluencesofgrindingparametersondynamiccharacteristicswerestudiedbyanalyzingthediagnosticsignalsextractedfromracingandgrindingexperiments.Thesignificantfrequencyof38Hzrelatedtogrindingwheelspindlespeedof2307r/minshowedthatthewheelspindlesystemwasinastateofimbalan...

简介：Thispaperdescribes,bymeansofaVoronoihypersphere,thenearestneighborrelationsofallthefeaturesubmatricesinthefaultclassificationspaceandanalysesthedeviationdisturbanceanglesbetweenfaultfeaturesubmatricesandak-dimensionunitarymatrixofthemeasuredvoltagechangematrix.Withtheabovetwoconcepts,thispaperdiscussesthediagnos-abilityinthefaultclassificationapproach.Thepaperalsoclassifiesanddefinesthefaultdiagnosisproblems.Finally,thepaperderivesthecorrespondingnecessaryandsufficientconditionsforcorrectlocationoffaults.

简介：Greatearthquakesoftenoccuralongornearactivefaultbelts.Thus,monitoringandresearchonfaultdeformationarequiteimportant.Methodssuchasshort-leveling,shortbaselineandintegratedmonitoringprofileacrossfaultbeltshavebeenusedtomonitorfaultactivitiesformanyyears.GNSSobservationsaremainlyusedtoobtainthehorizontalvelocityfieldinlargeareasandtostudytheactivitiesanddeformationofmajorblocks.GNSStechnologyhasbeenusedtomonitorandstudythedeformationoffaultsfromadifferentaspects.Inthispaper,someapplicationsandnewexplorationsofGNSSarediscussed.Theyare:(1)Researchandmonitoringofstrike-slipactivitiesoffaultswithGNSS.(2)ResearchandmonitoringofverticalactivitiesoffaultswithGNSS.(3)Investigatingthelawsofdeformationofblocksonthesidesoffaultzoneandsettingupstrainmodelstodeducetheactivitiesanddeformationoffaultswithrespectivemodelsandcomparethededucedresultswiththeactualmeasurementsacrossfault.Itisconcludedthatalargerdiscrepancybetweenthededucedandtheobserveddeformationindicatesastrongerinteractionbetweentheblocks,whichcanbeimportantforpredictingthelocationofastrongearthquakeandassessingseismichazard,aswellastheseismicitytrend.

简介：Onthebasisoflocatingbythegeochemicalprospecting,shallowseismicsounding,drilling,geologicalprofiling,andneogeochronologicaldating,wefirstfoundoutthedislocationamountalongtheLiaocheng-LankaoburiedfaultsincetheQuaternaryandtheageofitslatestactivityphaseanddeterminedthattheupperbreakpointbythefaultdislocationreaches20mbelowthesurface.ThelatestactivityphasewasintheearlyHoloceneandthefaultisashallow-buriedactivefault.Anaveragedislocationratealongthefaultis0.12mm/asincetheQuaternary.Thus,itisaburiedactivefaultwithintermediatetostrongmovementstrengthintheeasternChina.

简介：TheEastKunlunfaultzoneislocatedinthenorthernmarginoftheBayanHarblock.ThestudyofearthquakerupturebehaviorinthefaultzoneisofimportanceforunderstandingthefutureseismicriskinnorthwestSichuan.Anumberofgeologicalfieldinvestigations,typicalmicrotopographyDGPSmeasurementsandsampledatingshowthattheearthquakeactivityoftheEastKunlunfaultzoneextendstothenorthboundaryofZoigebasin,asegmentknownastheLuochasegmentofTazangfault.Inthesatelliteimage,thesegmentisseenclearlyasgrayandyellowstrips.Theearthquakedeformationzonemainlyfeaturesfaultscarp,valleysontheslope,offsetgulliesandterraces,lineardistributionofplants,waterfall,faultspring,faultsagpond,andlandslide,collapseandtalusassociatedwithsurfacerupturing.Thesephenomenaaredistributedintermittentlyalongthere-existingfaultandforma～50km-longinverseL-shapeddeformationzone.Faultactivitiescausedleft-lateraloffsetofgulliesandterraces,withhorizontaldisplacementconcentratedat5.5m~6m,18m～23m,68m～75m,and200m～220m,respectively.Therecentearthquakeoccurredbetween340±30～500±30BP.Themacroepicenterislocated5km～7kmnorthwestofBenduovillage,withmagnitudeofMW7.3～7.4,maximumcoseismicdisplacementof6m,horizontaldisplacement5.5m～6mandverticaldisplacement0.2m～0.5m,beinginaproportionof5∶1～10∶1.ThesephenomenashowthattheTazangfaultisthecausativefaultofthisearthquake.ThefaultisaHoloceneactivefaultandwasdominatedrecentlybyleft-lateralmovementwithasmallamountofthrustcomponentundercompressiveshearstress.ThischaracteristicissimilartothemovementinothersegmentsoftheEastKunlunfaultzone.Theresultsofthisstudysupportthe"continentalescape"model.

简介：Aco-designschemeofevent-triggeredsamplingmechanismandactivefaulttolerantcontrol(FTC)isdeveloped.Firstly,afaultdiagnosisobserverisdesignedtoestimateboththefaultandthestatesimultaneouslybyusingtheevent-triggeredsampledoutput.SomeH∞constraintsbetweentheestimationerrorsandtheevent-triggeredsamplingmechanismareestablishedtoensuretheestimationaccuracy.Then,basedontheconstraintsandtheobtainedfaultinformation,anevent-triggereddetectorandastaticfaulttolerantcontrollerareco-designedtoguaranteethestabilityofthefaultysystemandtoreducethesensorcommunicationcost.Furthermore,theproblemoftheeventdetectoranddynamicFTCco-designisalsoinvestigated.Simulationresultsofanunstablebatchreactorarefinallyprovidedtoillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.

简介：Inthispaper,wemadeasystematicstudyonmorethan40yearsofobservationaldataoftentemporaryfault-crossingmeasurementsitesinthecapitalcircleregionofChina.Wecalculatedhorizontalandvertica1componentsoffaultslip,andhorizontalextensionorcompressioncomponents.Consideringthetectoniccharacteristicsofthecapitalcircleregionandregionalseismicity,weanalyzedthepresentfaultactivityofthecapitalcircleregionandtherelationshipwithearthquakes.Theresultsshowthecomplexityoffaultactivityintheregion:thelevelofactivityofallfaultsislow,mostfaultsareleft-lateralstrike-slipfaults;thereislessverticalactivitythanhorizontalactivityandcrustalmovementiscontrolledbyhorizontalmovement;faultactivityandearthquakeactivityhaveacertainrelationship,regionalfaultactivityincreasesbeforeanearthquake,andfaultactivityhascertainabnormalfeaturesbeforestrongearthquakes.