简介：我们知道，按照英语的书写习惯，英语中某些单词的首字母必须大写。让我们找找看，下面句子中哪个字母忘了大写？用飞镖射向那个靶，并将句子中那个字母改正。

简介：在实际工作中，我就遇到了ｓｈｏｏｔ这个词，因没有确切的译名，无奈之下只好称之为“地上部分”，但通篇文章都这样，显得罗唆。我是这样理解这个词的：对单子叶草本植物，不管是老是幼，其地上部分均可称为ｓｈｏｏｔ；对于双子叶植物至少其幼苗的地上部分可称为ｓｈｏ...

简介：将ｓｈｏｏｔ译作“株”，与“根（ｒｏｏｔ）”有较好的对应性，二者都为单字名词，简洁明了。若用多字词来译ｓｈｏｏｔ，尤其是超过两字时（如“地上部”），与“根”的对应性就极差了。且“株”字本身在汉语中专指植物“地上部分”的意义较为明晰。如“守株待兔”一词...

简介：我国著名植物生理与生物化学家石声汉教授在世时，在讲授“植物抗旱生理”时，曾提出：“根系”和“苗系”两个名词。他说，“根系”指植物生长的地下部分总称；“苗系”指植物的生长的地上部分总称。因此“ｓｈｏｏｔ”译“苗系”较妥。他包括茎、枝、叶“shoot”称“苗?..

简介：FieldstudieswereconductedintheJiuwantanForestFarm,HuaduDistrictofGuangzhouCityfromJune2004toMarch2006toevaluatetheeffectsofplantingspacings(0.5m×0.5m,0.5m×1.0mand1.0m×1.0m)anddifferentfertilizers(bio-fermentedmanure,NPKcompoundfertilizerandNPKmixedfertilizer)onthegrowthofDaemonoropsmargaritaegrownunderirrigationandfull-lightconditionsforedibleshootsproduction.Theeffectsofapplicationofdifferentfertilizersonthemeanheight,lengthofstem...

简介：MultiplicationofElaeagnusangustifoliaL.wasexaminedinvitrosuccessivelyfromasingleshootunderthespecifiedconditionofdifferentmedia,plantgrowthregulators,pHvalueandsucroseconcentration.ItwasshowedthatMMS1wasthemostsuitablemediumonshootmultiplicationamong5mediaconcerned;BAPwasthemosteffectiveoneamongallthecytokinininvolved,BAP,KN,TDZandZT;theexpluntofthetophalf-partfromashootproducedmorenewshootsthanthatofthefoothalf-partdid;morenewshoots(>2cm)wereproducedunder3%sucrosebetweentheconcentrationswithtophalf-partexplants;shootscouldgrowwellbetweenpH4.4andpH7.0,andthebiggestnumberofshootswasproducedinpH5.6,whileinpH5.8themaximumrootingrateappeared.Asaresult,thecombinationof0.5μMBAPand0.1μMIBAonMMS1mediuminducedthemaximumshootmultiplication.Thenumberofshootamplified3timesin1month,and3^12shoots(>2cm)mightbetheoreticallymultipliedannuallyfromasingleshoot.

简介：Eucalyptusisveryrecalcitranttoinvitroculture.Inthisresearch,anefficientshootorganogenesissystemwasdevelopedusing60-day-oldplantsofEucalyptusglobulusgrowninvitroandnon-aeratedliquidmediumtoimproveshootproliferation.Cultureswereinitiatedwithhypocotylsandleafsegmentsfromplantletscultivatedonsemisolid1/2MSmodifiedmediumsupplementedwith4.44lM6-Benzyladenine(BA)and16.1lM1-Naphthaleneaceticacid(NAA).Calliweretransferredtoshootinductionmedium,witheither0.5or2.7lMNAA.Shootmultiplicationwascarriedouton4.44lMBA+0.5lMNAAmedium,andsemisolidandnon-aeratedliquidsystemswerecomparedforimprovingshootproliferation.RootingofadventitiousshootswasevaluatedonmediumcontainingNAAorIndole-3-butyricacid-IBA(5and16lM).Callogenesiswasobtainedfrombothtypesofexplants,althoughshootformationwasonlyobtainedfromleaf-derivedcalli.Shootproliferationon4.44lMBA+0.5lMNAAresultedinthemostshoots/callus.Non-aeratedliquidmediumwasmoreefficientinpromotingshootmultiplication(53.5shoots/callus)thanwassemisolidmedium(28.5shoots/callus).Levelsofphenoliccompoundsweresignificantlyreducedintheshootscultivatedinliquidmedium.Efficientrooting(76%)wasobtainedusing16lMIBA.

简介：Thehighgrowth-stimulatingeffectofplantextracthasurgedtheplantbiotechnologiststousenaturalsupplementsintheculturemediainsteadofsyntheticphytohormones.Weadvocatedtheeffectofsproutedsorghumextract(SSE)onemergence,invitroacclimatization,andgeneticfidelityincoleoptilederivedcallusofindicaricevarietyADT36.TheuseofSSEwithMurashigeSkoogmediumefficientlyacclimatizedtherootandshootapicalsystems.Ahighermatandseminalroots(3.4gbiomass)withanefficientshootprimordiumelongationwereobservedwithanincreaseintheconcentrationofSSE.SeedstreatedwithSSEmediumshowedhighergerminationandearliercoleoptilematurationabout48hcomparedtountreatedseeds,andtherewasahigherexpressionofeEF-1αwithanincreaseincoleoptilelength.B5mediumwaseffectiveoninducingembryogenicandnodularcallusfrom3-day-oldcoleoptilewith3.0mg/L2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacidandfurtherproliferatedeffectivelywith0.8mg/Lkinetinwithafreshweightof180mg.Highlysignificantregenerationwasobservedwithcombinationof2.5mg/L6-benzylaminopurineand3.0mg/Lα-naphthaleneaceticacid.Themetabolicandgeneticprofilesofinvitroanddirectlycultivatedplantswerethesame,examinedthroughFourier-transforminfraredspectroscopy,randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA(RAPD),inter-simplesequencerepeat(ISSR)andR-ISSR(combinationofRAPDandISSR)markers,respectively,andthusconfirmingthesignificantefficacyoftheSSEincorporatedmedium.DisarmedT-DNAwastransformedtocoleoptilederivedcallusthroughAgrobacteriumtumefaciensLBA4404andconfirmedbyGUSassay.TheT-DNAintegrationwasconfirmedbyDNAblotanalysisusingDNAfromtransientGUS-expressedexplants.Thus,SSEcanbeusedasanaturalandorganicsupplementfororganogenesisandefficientacclimatizationsofshootandrootapicalmeristemsinregeneratedplants.

简介：Sincethegenerationoffull-sibartificialtriploidfamilies,rapidcloneestablishmentandgeneticimprovementshavebeenneeded.Here,wereportaninvitromethodofdirectshootregenerationofatriploidhybridpoplar[(Populussimonii9P.nigra‘Italica’)9(P.9‘popularis’)].Usingdifferentrandomizedblockdesigns,weselectedonetriploidtoevaluatetheexplanttype,optimalconcentrationsofplantgrowthregulatorsandagar,andculturetimeunderlightordarkconditionsover60days.Thehighestrateofshootinduction,80.0%,wasobtainedusingMurashigeandSkoog(MS)mediumsupplementedwith0.2mg/Lbenzyladenine,0.04mg/Lnaphthaleneaceticacid(NAA),and5.5g/Lagarforthefirst30daysinthedark,then3g/Lagarforthenext30daysinlight.Thislastmediumyieldedthebestrateofshootinduction(6.32shoots/explant).Thesethreemediawerealsousedtoevaluatetheinfluenceofthegenotypesoftheparentsandhybridtriploidsonregeneration.Twoparentsandthreeofthefourfull-sibtriploidswereregeneratedsuccessfully;differentgenotypesandexplanttypessignificantlyaffectedtherateofshootinductionandaveragenumberofshoots.Leavesbutnotpetioleswereasuitableexplant.Onegenotypeproducedthehighestrateofshootinductionof96.67%.Half-strengthMSmediumsupplementedwith0.2mg/Lindolebutyricacidand0.04mg/LNAAwasthemosteffectiveforrooting;rootingratewas96.67%,survivalrateoftransplantswas73.33%,androotingfrequencysurpassed85%foreachgenotype.Overall,thisinvitroregenerationsystemwillbeusefulforthepropagationandgeneticmodificationoftriploidpoplars.

简介：Populus种类是为工业并且在生物、农业的系统上的科学学习的重要资源。我们的目的是在喜玛拉雅的白杨提高植物新生的频率(Populusciliata墙。前Royle)。TDZ的效果独自并且在有腺嘌和NAA的联合在叶柄将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养的新生潜力上被学习。将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养从在温室种的喜玛拉雅的白杨植物被切除。在表面消毒以后，将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养在射击正式就职媒介上是有教养的。高百分比射击新生(86?%)在与0.004补充的MS媒介上被记录?mgL1TDZ并且79.7?mgL1腺嘌。为延伸和增加的改革射击被转移到MS?+?0.5?mgL1BAP?+?0.2?mgL1IAA?+?0.3?mgL1GA3。从在vitro开发的射击的根新生在与0.10补充的MS媒介上被观察?mg?L1IBA。喜玛拉雅的白杨小植物能在2以内被生产?在在沙和土壤的无菌的混合物的acclimatization以后的月。我们从P的叶柄将生物的活组织移植于培养基中培养开发了一个高效率植物新生协议。ciliata。