简介：Evolutionarycomputationtechniqueshavemostlybeenusedtosolvevariousoptimizationproblems,anditiswellknownthatgraphisomorphismproblem(GIP)isanondeterministicpolynomialproblem.Asimulatedannealing(SA)algorithmfordetectinggraphisomorphismisproposed,andtheproposedSAalgorithmiswellsuitedtodealwithrandomgraphswithlargesize.ToverifythevalidityoftheproposedSAalgorithm,simulationsareperformedonthreepairsofsmallgraphsandfourpairsoflargerandomgraphswithedgedensities0.5,0.1,and0.01,respectively.ThesimulationresultsshowthattheproposedSAalgorithmcandetectgraphisomorphismwithahighprobability.

简介：Inthispaperasimulatedannealing(SA)algorithmispresentedforthe0/1mul-tidimensionalknapsackproblem.Problem-specificknowledgeisincorporatedinthealgorithmdescriptionandevaluationofparametersinordertolookintotheperfor-manceoffinite-timeimplementationsofSA.ComputationalresultsshowthatSAper-formsmuchbetterthanageneticalgorithmintermsofsolutiontime,whilsthavingamodestlossofsolutionquality.

简介：导致的模仿的微严肃(SMG)的知识在微生物的致病力变化为长期的空间飞行的成功是重要的。在用高方面比率容器生物反应器的以前的研究，当在建模的微严肃成长时，我们证明酵母种类Saccharomycescerevisiae经历了重要phenotypic回答，它在基因表达侧面的分析被反映。在这研究，我们证实Candidaalbicans以一种类似的方式对SMG作出回应，证明在到这个环境压力的酵母之中有保存回答。我们也报导C的生长。在SMG的albicans导致与提高的致病力一致的一个morphogenic开关。明确地，我们在有机体的细丝状的形式观察了增加，在二基因的表示伴随变化与酵母菌丝的转变联系了。词法反应可以为宇航员的安全有重要含意，当真菌的病原体可以在空间飞行期间变得更剧毒。

简介：Thispaperdealswithasimulatedtestofbiogenicmineralizationmadewithablue-greenalgaspecies,Spirulinaplatensix.Thedataintheexperimentwererecordedbyacomputerizedsurveyingsystem.Theinflu-enceofalgaeontheaccumulationofphosphorusbychangingtheirmicroenvironmenttopromotetheforma-tionanddepositionofphosphatewasstudied.TheresultsshowthatthepHvalueofculturalliquorroseupto10andtheredoxpotential（Eh）maydropby100-200mVduringthealgallogarithmicgrowthstage,andthecultrualliquorwaschangedintoamediumwithaweaklyreducingcondition.AttheendofthelogarithmicgrowthstagewhitedepositsofNa2Ca（CO3）2·5H2OandCa2Mg（PO4）2·2H2Owereformedonthefloorofculturalcontainers.Thetestpresentedawduableevidenceforthetheoryofbiogenicmineralization.

简介：Aprimitiveequationmodelwithazonaldomainandap-σincorporatedverticalcoordinatesystemisusedtostudytheeffectsoftheenvelopedegreeoforographyonthesimulatedpropertiesofbothwinterandsummerclimates.Resultsshowthattheorographywithalargerenvelopedegreecanim-provethesimulationstocertainextent,especiallyinwinter.Itisfoundthatthesimulatedpropertiesofclimatearemainlydeterminedbytheco-effectsoftheland-seaandtheorographicdistributions,andtheenvelopedegreeoforographyhasasecondaryeffect.Howeveritshouldbetakenproperlyinordertoimprovesimulations:otherwise,itwouldbeharmful.Differentenvelopedegreesoforogra-phycanbeadoptedindifferentareas.

简介：Chromatogramsoftocopherolhomologueswereobtainedbyacolumnofanalyticalsize(innerdiameter(ID)0.46cmcm×10cm)packedwithsilicagel.Adsorptionisothermsandfilmmass-transfercoefficientwereestimatedfromthechroma-togramsbyusingageneralratemodel,whichconsidersaxialdispersion,externalmass-transferandintraparticlediffusion.Basedontheobtainedisothermsandmass-transfercoefficient,theseparationprocessoftocopherolhomologuesonsimulatedmovingbed(SMB)wassimulatedusingthesamemodel.Accordingtothesimulatedresults,amixtureofα-,γ-,δ-tocopherolsandotherimpuritieswasseparatedonanSMBequipment.TheSMBequipmentwascomposedof8columnsofID2cm×10cm,with2columnsineachsection.Thesolidphasewassilicagel,andthemobilephasewasn-hexane/2-propanol(99/1byvolume).γ-andδ-tocopherolsofpuritygreaterthan98%wereobtainedwithrecoverygreaterthan98%.Theeffectsofoperatingconditions(flowratesandswitchingtime)ontheperformanceofSMBwerestudiedbybothsimulationandexperiments.Itwasfoundthatallthesimulationresultswerequiteclosetotheexperimentalresults.WeconcludethatprocessdevelopmentandoptimizationofoperatingconditionsofSMBbysimulationarefeasible.

简介：AnumericalsimulationofatorrentialraineventoccurringintheJiang-HuaiValleyofChinafrom22-24June1999isperformedandanalyzedbyusingthePSU/NCARMM5mesoscalenon-hydrostaticmodel.Thehigh-resolutionmodeloutputdataareutilizedtodiagnosethedoublefrontstructure,andthedistributionsofpotentialtemperature,equivalentpotentialtemperature,andspecifichumidityinthevicinityoftheMeiyuFrontSystem(MYFS)intheJiang-HuaiValley.TheresultsshowthatboththepotentialtemperaturegradientandthespecifichumiditygradienthaveimportantimpactsonthetwostrongequivalentpotentialtemperaturegradientzonesassociatedwiththedoublefrontstructureoftheMYFS,butthelatter(moisturegradient)ismoreimportant.Inaddition,thetendencyequationofspecifichumiditygradientistheoreticallyderived.Itshowsthatvariationsofthespecifichumiditygradientarerelatedtotheadvection,convergence/divergence,horizontalandverticalvorticities(secondarycirculation)effectsandthegradientofwatervaporsource/sink.Asanexample,thebudgetofthemeridionalcomponentofthetendencyequationisselectedanddiagnosedbyusingtheabovemodelsimulationdataofthetorrentialrainevent.Itisshownthatthevariationofthespecifichumiditygradientaveragedthroughoutthesimulationismainlycontrolledbytheconvergence/divergenceeffect,thesecondarycirculationeffectassociatedwiththehorizontalvorticities,andthewatervaporsource/sinkeffect.Sincethewatervaporsource/sinkisoftenformedfromthephasechangeprocessesofwatervaporintheairandthusdirectlyassociatedwithcloudandprecipitationmicrophysicsprocesses,thevariationofthespecifichumiditygradientiscloselyrelatedwithcloudandprecipitationmicrophysicsandthedistribution,developmentandevolutionofcloudandrainfallsystems.ThedoublefrontstructureoftheMYFSprovidesanadvantageousenvironmentalconditionforthedevelopmentandmovementofthemesoscaletorrentialrain

简介：数字模拟被执行调查云冷凝作用原子核(CCN)的效果microphysical过程和下得很大的冰雹的降水特征上的集中。二个下得很大的冰雹案例被模仿，一个春天案例和一个夏天案例在北中国的一个半干旱的区域，与地区性的大气的建模系统。结果被用来调查在春天和夏天下得很大的冰雹之间的CCN效果的差别和类似。类似是：(1)当混合比率的全部的冰阶段提高时，混合比率的全部的hydrometeor减少，与增加CCN集中；(2)CCN集中的改进导致小型的hydrometeor粒子，但是一减少大尺寸的hydrometeor粒子的更大的数量的生产；(3)当CCN集中增加，supercooled云水和雨水做更小的贡献下冰雹，当时冰阶段hydrometeors在冰雹的生长呈现活跃角色；(4)当CCN集中增加时，当相对，角色与冰阶段降水的相比在全部的降水还原剂的数量由液体阶段降雨玩了时，全部的降水的数量减少。二暴风雨之间的差别包括：(1)CCN集中的增加趋于减少在春天案例中混合比率的太古的冰，但是在夏天案例中提高他们；(2)冰阶段hydrometeor粒子贡献更多在春天盒子中招呼生长，当液体水在夏天盒子中更作出贡献时；(3)CCN集中的增加在不同季节在表面冰雹降水上有不同效果。

简介：MgAl//2O//4在模仿的身体液体(SBF)提高的Ca/P陶艺的行为被学习。结果显示出那，Ca/P合成陶艺的表面上的生物磷灰石罐头precipitate然而，Ca/P合成陶艺的表面的溶解也由于在提高的温度与Ca/P陶艺通过MgAl//2O//4的反应被生产的一种非结晶的材料发生；因此，在SBF的Ca/P合成陶艺的行为主要取决于那些二个过程。那些二的联合影响的分析处理MgAl//2O//4的低内容赞成的表演因此，生物磷灰石的形成引起更高的简历活动。(编辑作者摘要)23个裁判员。

简介：

简介：ThesimulatedtrainingsystemforthePXunitatZhenhaiRefiningandChemicalCompanydevelopedbyLPEChaspassedtheacceptancetest.Thissystemisanautomaticsimu-lationsystemcomprisedofautomation,chemicalprocess,computertechnologyandvariousphysicalandengineering

简介：Two-dimensionalirregularpolygonspackingproblemisverydifficulttobesolvedintraditionaloptimalway.Simulatedannealing(SA)algorithmisastochasticoptimizationtechniquethatcanbeusedtosolvepackingproblems.ThewholeprocessofSAisintroducedfirstlyinthispaper.AnextendedneighborhoodsearchingmethodinSAismainlyanalyzed.AgeneralmoduleofSAalgorithmisgivenandusedtolayouttheirregularpolygons.Thejudgmentofintersectionandotherconstrainsofirregularpolygonsareanalyzed.ThenanexamplethatwasusedinthepaperofStefanJakobsislisted.ResultsshowthatthisSAalgorithmshortensthecomputationtimeandimprovesthesolution.

简介：TheGoda'smethodofseparatingthefrequencyspectrumoftheunidirectionalincidentandreflectedwavesisimproved.Theproposedmethodcanbeappliedtotheseparationofobliqueincidentandreflectedwavesandthetwowavegaugescanbearrangedinanarbitraryangleinfrontofastructure.Whentheprojecteddistanceofthetwoprobesontheincidentwavedirectionisthemultipleofthehalflengthoftheincidentwaves,thesingularproblemwillemergebyusingthemethod.Itisadvisedthatwhentheprojecteddistanceofthetwomeasuredpointsontheincidentwavedirectionis0.05～0.45timesthewavelengthofpeakfrequencywave,goodresultscanbeobtained.Thesimulatedresultantwavesareseparatedbythemethodofnumericalsimulationandtheseparatedwavespectraarebasicallycorrespondingtothetargetspectrainput.Thewavetrainscalculatedbytheseparatedincidentandreflectedwavefrequencyspectrumareapproximatedtotheinputwavetrainsandthereflectedcoefficientcanbederivedcorrectly.Therefore,themethodproposedinthispaperisreliable.

简介：

简介：许多尝试被做了为学习微粒媒介的行为为不同参数和某些组成的模型发现各种各样的关系。所有这些模型基于连续媒介的概念。用象分离元素方法那样的一个数字方法，一个人能弄明白什么正在发生通过一玷污粒子的不连续的媒介在介绍shear力量和变丑特征起主要作用。有易碎的粒子的媒介的行为与非易碎的粒子在这份报纸并且与集会的相比被学习。在这份报纸，夸张有弹性的模型被调查因为多角形的集会在二个不同测试系列塑造了粒子。另外，象卷紧张，磨擦的角度，膨胀性的角度和有弹性的模量那样的汇编的不同的宏参数的进化为非易碎、易碎的土壤粒子两个都在模拟测试期间被学习。在结束，参量的研究在集会行为上在粒子破裂的力量的效果上被执行。

简介：DuringthecrystalgrownbyVBM,thesolid/liquidinterfaceconfigurationsgreatlyinfluencethequalityofas-growncrystals.Inthispaper,finiteelementmethod(FEM)wasusedtosimulatethegrowthprocessofCdZnTecrystal.Theeffectsofdifferentcruciblemovingratesandtemperaturegradientofadiabaticzoneoncrystalgrowthrateandsolid-liquidinterfaceonfigurationwerestudiedaswell.Simulationresultsshowthatwhencruciblemovesattherateofabout1mm/h,whichisnearlyequaltocrystalgrowthrate,nearlyflatsolid/liquidinterfaceandlittlevariationofaxialtemperaturegradientnearitcanbeattained,whicharewellconsistentwiththeresultsofexperiments.CdZnTecrystalwithlowdislocationdensitycanbebtainedbyemployingappropriatecruciblemovingrateduringthecrystalgrowthprocess.

简介：Zincwasrecentlysuggestedtobeapotentialcandidatematerialfordegradablecoronaryarterystent.Thecorrosionbehaviorofpurezincexposedtor-SBFupto336hwasinvestigatedbyelectrochemicalmeasurementsandimmersiontests.Themorphologyandchemicalcompositesofthecorrosionproductswereinvestigatedbyscanningelectronmicroscope,grazing-incidenceX-raydiffraction,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopyandFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer.Theresultsdemonstratethattheinitialcorrosionproductsonthepurezincmainlyconsistofzincoxide/hydroxideandzinc/calciumphosphatecompounds.ThepureZnencountersuniformcorrosionwithanestimatedcorrosionrateof0.02-0.07mmy^-1duringtheimmersion,whichsuggeststhesuitabilityofpureZnforbiomedicalapplications.

简介：TheNCARcommunityclimatemodelwasrunfor20yearsandthesimulatedEastAsianclimatewasanalyzedandcheckedagainsttheobservationdata.Itisfoundthatthelarge-scalefeaturesoftheEastAsiaclimateweresimulatedprettywellbythemodel,thoughtherearestillsomediscrepanciesbetweenthemodeloutputandtheobservation.Thesimulatedgeopotentialheight,windandtemperaturefieldsareveryclosetotheobservations.Thelargescalesystemssuchassubtropicalhigh.Mongoliahigh,IndianlowwhichhaveimportantinfluenceontheEastAsiamonsoonalsosimulatedprettywell.Itisalsofoundthatthemoisturefieldisnotsimulatedsowellasthosefieldsmentionedabove.Thesimulatedprecipitationisratherdifferentfromtheobservations.ThesesuggestthatsomephysicalprocessesintheCCM2needtobeimproved.

简介：

简介：UsingNCC/IAPT63coupledatmosphere-oceangeneralcirculationmodel(AOGCM),two20-yrintegra-tionswereprocessed,andtheirabilitytosimulatecloudandradiationwasanalysedindetail.Theresultsshowthatthemodelcansimulatethebasicdistributionofcloudcover,andhowever,obviousdifferencesstillexistcomparedwithISCCPsatellitedataandERAreanalysisdata.Thesimulatedcloudcoverislessingeneral,especiallytheabnormallowvaluesinsomeregionsofocean.Byimprovingthecloudcoverscheme,simulatedcloudcoverintheeasternPacificandAtlantic,summerhemisphere'soceansfromsubtropicaltomid-latitudeisconsiderablyimproved.ButinthetropicalIndianOceanandWestPacificthecloudcoverdifferenceisstillevident,mainlyduetothedeficiencyofhighcloudsimulationintheseregionsresultingfromdeepcumulusconvection.Intermsoftheanalysisonradiationandcloudradiativeforcing,wefindthatsimulationonlongwaveradiationisbetterthanshortwaveradiation.Thesimulationerrorofshortwaveradiationiscausedmostlybythesimulationdifferenceinshortwaveradiativeforcing,seaice,andsnowcover,andalsobynotinvolvingaerosol'seffect.Thesimulationerroroflongwaveradiationismainlyresultingfromdeficiencyinsimulatingcloudcoverandunderlyingsurfacetemperature.Correspondingtoimprovementofcloudcover,thesimulatedradiation(especiallyshortwaveradiation)ineasternoceans,summerhemisphere'soceansfromsubtropicaltomid-latitudeisremarkablyimproved.Thisalsobringsobviousimprovementtonetradiationintheseregions.