简介:AbstractMachine learning shows enormous potential in facilitating decision-making regarding kidney diseases. With the development of data preservation and processing, as well as the advancement of machine learning algorithms, machine learning is expected to make remarkable breakthroughs in nephrology. Machine learning models have yielded many preliminaries to moderate and several excellent achievements in the fields, including analysis of renal pathological images, diagnosis and prognosis of chronic kidney diseases and acute kidney injury, as well as management of dialysis treatments. However, it is just scratching the surface of the field; at the same time, machine learning and its applications in renal diseases are facing a number of challenges. In this review, we discuss the application status, challenges and future prospects of machine learning in nephrology to help people further understand and improve the capacity for prediction, detection, and care quality in kidney diseases.
简介:Inthispaper,theactivelearningmechanismisproposedtobeusedinclassifiersystemstocopewithcomplexproblems:anintelligentagentleavesitsownsignalsintheenvironmentandlatercollectsandemploysthemtoassistitslearningprocess.Principlesandcomponentsofthemechanismareoutlined,followedbytheintroductionofitspreliminaryimplementationinanactualsystem.Anexperimentwittesysteminadynamicproblemisthenintroduced,togetherwithdiscussionsoveritsresults.Thepaperisconcludedbypointingoutsomepossibleimprovementsthatcanbemadetotheproposedframework.
简介:Asiswellknown,somepeoplearemoresuccessfulthanothersinlearning.Thisdifferentlevelsofachievementmaybeattributedtovariablesassociatedwiththelearner.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenextensiveresearchintoaspectsofdifferencesinlearningasecondlanguage.Thispaperbrieflyreviewsanddiscussesthemajorparametersofthedifferencesamongindividu-alswhichresearchstudiesindicatemayinfluencethesuccessofsecondlanguagelearning,citingsixareasofinterest:age,intel-ligence,cognitivestyles,personality,motivationandattitude.
简介:BernardSpolsky是国际知名的外语教育专家、语言学家,1932年生于新西兰,后移居以色列。曾在新西兰、英国、澳大利亚等国家从事中学教育工作,后在耶路撒冷的希伯来大学从事两年的英语教学。60年代曾在美国的印地安那州立大学、新墨西哥州立大学从事语言学、基础教育学和人类学等学科的教学工作。在印地安那州立大学期间,他主持语言科学研究中心的工作,并负责一项英语作为外语的教学计划。1980——2000年他一直在以色列著名的Bar-Ilan大学执教,历任英语教授、人文系主任、英语学院院长,同时他还创办了语言政策研究中心。目前,他受聘任职在华盛顿的美国国家外语中心。BernardSpolsky不仅是位资深的外语教育教学专家,同时还是一位论著颇丰的作家、撰稿人。《ConditionsforSecondLanguageLearning》是他在1989年出版的一本有关第二语言学习的条件的专著,该书荣获了当年美国现代语言协会颁发的KennethW.Mildenberger奖项,第二年被英国应用语言学协会评为“1990年佳作奖”。囿于篇幅,本刊仅从《ConditionsforSecondLanguageLearning》一书中摘选了作者对第二语言学习的条件进行阐述的纲要部分,供读者参考。