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简介：Theslowconvergencerateofreinforcementlearningalgorithmslimitstheirwiderapplication.Inengineeringdomains,hierarchicalreinforcementlearningisdevelopedtoperformactionstemporallyaccordingtopriorknowledge.Thissystemcanconvergefastduetoreducedstatespace.Thereisatestofelevatorgroupcontroltoshowthepowerofthenewsystem.Twoconventionalgroupcontrolalgorithmsareadoptedaspriorknowledge.Performanceindicatesthathierarchicalreinforcementlearningcanreducethelearningtimedramatically.

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简介：Withthefastgrowingofcloudcomputinginfrastructure,learningfromcloudserviceshasbecomemoreandmoreconvenientforpeopleworldwide.Inordertointegratethecloudcomputingtechnologyanddifferente-learningplatformsincludingvariantmobileapps,Windowsandweb-basedapplications,wedevelopourChineselearningsystem"analyticChinesehelper"withaservice-orientedarchitecture(SOA).Basedonthenewarchitecturewedesignedanddevelopedacloudserviceforthee-learningofChineselanguageontheInternetasaconvenientresourceforforeignstudents,especiallyinthereadingofChinesetexts.TherearetwoChinesephoneticsystems:PinyinandZhuyin.PinyinistheofficialRomanizationofChinesecharacters,andZhuyinincorporatesadditionalBopomofosymbolswhichtranscribeprecisesoundsofChinesecharacters.TheproposedanalyticChinesehelperprovidesreal-timeannotationswithPinyinorZhuyinsymbols,andtherebytheannotatedarticlescanbeusedase-learningobjectsinlearningChinese.

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简介：随着无线通信技术的发展，一个新的概念——移动学习（M-learning）逐渐进入大学生的学习生活，与之相关的理论研究和实践项目也正在展开。本文针对大学生的M-learning学习环境，可以实施的学习方式，开展M-learning学习中存在的一些问题以及相应对策进行了阐述。

简介：OnFebruary25,2004,theUnitedStatesissueditsCountryReportsonHumanRightsPracticesfor2003,distortingthehumanrightsconditionsinChina,includinghumanrightsinChineseprisons.AsaprisoninmateinBeijing,Ihaveasayinthehumanrightsconditionsinprisonbasedonmypersonalexperience.1wroteanarticletitled"HumanRightsinChinesePrisonsintheEyeofaPrisonInmate,"whichwaspublishedinthejournalHumanRights(IssueNo.6,2003ofEnglishEdition).NowI’dliketosaysomethingabouttherighttoeducationinChineseprisons.

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简介：Inthispaper,wepresentatechniqueforensuringthestabilityofalargeclassofadaptivelycontrolledsystems.WecombineIQCmodelsofboththecontrolledsystemandthecontrollerwithamethodoffilteringcontrolparameterupdatestoensurestablebehaviorofthecontrolledsystemunderadaptationofthecontroller.Wepresentaspecificapplicationtoasystemthatusesrecurrentneuralnetworksadaptedviareinforcementlearningtechniques.Theworkpresentedextendsearlierworksonstablereinforce...

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简介：Objective:Toinvestigatethefeasibilityoftranscanalendoscopicmyringoplastyinthehandofyoungbeginnersurgeonswhohadjustcompletedtheresidencyprogramme.Methods:Inathreeyearperiod(August2012toAugust2015),44earsin42patientswereoperateduponbyabeginnersurgeonthroughthetranscanalendoscopicapproachinasubdistrictlevelhospitallocatedinthenorthwesternrangesoftheHimalayanregion.Results:Ofthe42patient,19weremaleand23female.Themeanagewas26.23years(range:15e47years).In40ears,completeperforationclosurewasachievedatsixmonths(successrate:90.9%).ThemeanairconductionPTApreoperativelywas40.84dBHLandimprovedto28.06dBHLpostoperatively(p<.001).ThemeanABgappreoperativelywas22.40dB,whichimprovedto9.1dBpostoperatively(p<.001).Conclusion:Endoscopictranscanalmyringoplastyissafeandreliableeveninyoungbeginners'hands.Surgeonscanconsiderendoscopicapproachearlyintheircareerswithoutthefearoflearningcurve.Thecostofendoscopicequipmentisaboutonetenthascomparedtoopenapproachunderaoperatingmicroscope,andanaddedadvantage.

简介：“Forcedlearning”referstothefactinChinathatsomestudentsareforcedtolearnbyparentsandteachers,regardlessoftheirownwishes.Sometimes,someparentsandteachersevenforcestudentstolearnthroughdisciplinaryactions.Specifically,studentsareimposedinthefollowingfouraspectsbyparentsandteachers:learningtime,learningcontents,learningfrequency,andlearningdifficulty,soitcausedbadconsequencesthatsomestudents’studytooktoomuchtime,coveredexcesscontents,isrepeatedtoomuchandistoodifficult.“Forcinglearning”destroyedthenatureofstudents,overdrewstudents’potential,andharmedstudents’physicalandmentalhealth.Inordertochangethisexistingsituationof“forcedlearning”,parentsandteachersshouldclarifythenatureofknowledgeandbroadenthewaystudentsacquireknowledge,activatestudents’innerstudymotive,andguidethemtolearnconsciouslyandactively,createaharmoniouseducationalenvironment,andmakefulluseofstudents’“children”nature;parentsandteachersstrengthencooperationtogivestudentsscientificguidanceonpsychology,emotion,andlearning.

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简介：Inthispaper,weformulateandexplorethecharacteristicsofiterativelearninginballisticcontrolproblems.Theiterativelearningcontrol（ILC）theoryprovidesasuitableframeworkforderivationsandanalysisofballisticcontrolunderlearningprocess.Toovercometheobstaclescausedbyuncertaingradientandredundantcontrolinput,weincorporateextratrialsintoiterativelearning.Withthehelpoftrialresults,propercontrolandupdatingdirectioncanbedetermined.Then,iterativelearningcanbeappliedtoballisticcontrolproblem.Severalinitialstatelearningalgorithmsarestudiedforinitialspeedcontrol,forcecontrol,aswellascombinedspeedandanglecontrol.Intheend,shootinganglelearninginthebasketballshotprocessissimulatedtoverifytheeffectivenessofiterativelearningmethodsinballisticcontrolproblems.

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