简介：用photonic晶体(PC)，轻射出的二极管(LEDs)的抽取效率能被photonic乐队差距(PBG)和栅栏衍射的效果极大地提高。二个理论方法也被讨论。同时，我们证明LEDs能由作为衍射栅栏采用photonic水晶完成高抽取效率。有圆柱的单位房间的方形的格子的PC被制作在轧了带的基于陷阱的蓝色的层。我们在场PC-LED的抽取效率的理论讨论，它依靠有效中等理论和传播矩阵方法调查格子常数的效果。当格子常数是270nm时，结果证明高效LEDs的抽取效率能完成61.8%。

简介：ThispaperdealswithHeniggloballyefficiencyinvectoroptimizationinvolvinggeneralizedcone-preinvexset-valuedmapping.Somepropertiesofgeneralizedcone-preinvexset-valuedmaparederived.ItalsodisclosetheclosedrelationshipsbetweenHeniggloballyefficiencyofgeneralizedconepreinvexset-valuedoptimizationproblemandHeniggloballyefficiencyofakindofvectorvariationalinequality.

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简介：Inordertoinvestigatetheeffectsofmicroorganismsandtheirureaseactivitiesinmacrophyticrootzonesonpollutantremoval,foursmall-scaleplots(SSPs)ofvertical/reverse-verticalflowwetlandsweresetuptodetermine:a)therelationshipbetweentheabundanceofmicroorganismsintherootzonesandwaterpurificationefficiency;andb)therelationshipbetweenureaseactivitiesintherootzonesandpollutantremovalinaconstructedwetlandsystem.Totalnumbersofthemicrobialpopulation(bacteria,fungi,andactinomyces)alongwithureaseactivitiesinthemacrophyticrootzonesweredetermined.Inaddition,therelationshipsbetweenmicrobialpopulationsandureaseactivitiesaswellasthewastewaterpurificationefficienciesoftotalphosphorus(TP),totalKjeldahlnitrogen(TKN),biochemicaloxygendemandin5days(BOD5),andchemicaloxygendemand(COD)werealsoanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthattherewasahighlysignificantpositivecorrelation(r=0.9772,P＜0.01)betweenthenumberofbacteriaintherootzonesandBOD5removalefficiencyandasignificantnegativecorrelation(r=-0.9092,P＜0.05)betweenthenumberoffungiandtheremovalefficiencyofTKN.Meanwhile,therewasasignificantpositivecorrelation(r--0.8830,P＜0.05)betweenureaseactivitiesintherootzonesandtheremovalefficiencyofTKN.Thus,duringwastewatertreatmentinaconstructedwetlandsystem,microorganismandureaseactivitiesintherootzoneswereveryimportantfactors.

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简介：这篇文章多介绍一篇小说搬运人直接顺序code-divisionmultiple-access(MCDS-CDMA)策划基于泛泛地同步(LS)编码，它能完成很高光谱效率。而不是在一个常规MCDS-CDMA计划的单个副载波调整，这个新奇计划介绍非直角的副载波组调整，其干扰在一个副载波组由非直角的间距引起了，能被amulticode减少察觉者。为这系统体系结构并且也的详细分析满足要求的amultiple-input-multiple输出(MIMO)MCDS-CDMA答案在3Gmobile通讯以外，系统被建议。模仿的结果证明这个计划能获得优秀小点错误率(BER)性能，以及非常完成两次光谱效率作为常规MCDS-CDMA系统的。

简介：CloudresolvingWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)modelsimulationsareusedtoinvestigatetropicalcyclone(TC)genesisefficiencyinanenvironmentwithanearbottomvortex(EBV)andanenvironmentwithamid-levelvortex(EMV).Sensitivityexperimentsshowthatthegenesistimingdependsgreatlyoninitialvorticityverticalprofiles.Thelargertheinitialcolumnintegratedabsolutevorticity,thegreaterthegenesisefficiencyis.Giventhesamecolumnintegratedabsolutevorticity,abottomvortexhashighergenesisefficiencythanamid-levelvortex.Acommonfeatureamongtheseexperimentsistheformationofamid-levelvorticitymaximumpriortoTCgenesisirrespectivewheretheinitialvorticitymaximumlocates.BoththeEMVandEBVscenariossharethefollowingdevelopmentcharacteristics:1)atransitionfromnon-organizedcumulus-scale(~5km)convectivecellsintoanorganizedmeso-vortex-scale(~50to100km)systemthroughupscalecascadeprocesses,2)theestablishmentofanearlysaturatedaircolumnpriortoarapiddropofthecentralminimumpressure,and3)amultipleconvective-stratiformphasetransition.Agenesisefficiencyindex(GEI)isformulatedthatincludesthefollowingfactors:initialcolumnintegratedabsolutevorticity,vorticityattopoftheboundarylayerandverticallyintegratedrelativehumidity.ThecalculatedGEIreflectswellthesimulatedgenesisefficiencyandthusmaybeusedtoestimatehowfastatropicaldisturbancedevelopsintoaTC.

简介：由在20052007的春天和秋天期间从30架班机在诺思中国上分析在空中的观察，在在诺思中国的各种各样的地点的0.3%过度饱和的喷雾器和云冷凝作用原子核(CCN)的垂直分布的特征被调查。测量采样在象平原，高原，和海那样的不同表面上被进行。结果证明累积模式喷雾器的数字集中比在春天在秋天是更大的，但是颠倒为CCN是真的。这意味着有比100nm小的直径的更多的喷雾器能在春天作为CCN被激活，并且这能导致更高的喷雾器激活效率。在Taihang山附近的平原上的喷雾器激活效率比在秋天在春天是更大的，并且它比在土地上在海上是更大的。在在Bashang高原上的边界层上面的喷雾器激活效率是很低的。基于一阵喷雾器和CCN的否定指数的垂直分布，象在诺思中国上的喷雾器激活效率一样的喷雾器和CCN的一个空间parameterization模型被建议。因为它被喷雾器和周围的大气的条件的地区性的物理、化学的特征主要影响，结果证明喷雾器激活效率不清楚地依赖于高度。吝啬的喷雾器激活效率分别地是0.66，与在春天和秋天的0.70和0.53的价值。

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简介：Plentyofinorganicnitrogeninwastewatercancausetheeutrophicationinwaterbodies,soitisanimportanttasktoremovenitrogen.Purificationrolewasrealizedbyabsorption,filtration,depositon,evaporation,nitrificationanddenitrificationofmicrobes.AlthoughthestudiesofPhragmitesaustrilisbedintheconstructedwetlandarepopular,thepurificationperformancesofconstructedwetlandfilledbysaline-alkalisoilsubstratearelessreported.Inthepaper,thepurificationefficiencyofnitrogenwithPhragmitesaustrilisbedintheconstructedwetlandfilledbysaline-alkalisoilsubstratewasdiscussedthroughasimulationstudy.Resultstodateindicatedthatthefirstorderplugflowmodelwasadequatetodescribethenitrogenremoval.TheexperimentshowedthatthediminishingconcentrationofTN,NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-Nwerecloselyrelatedtohydrologicalretentiontime(HRT),thecorrelationcoefficientwasRe=0.98499,R2=0.9911,R2=0.89407andR2=0.95459,respectively.Accordingtothedata,themostsuitablehydrologicalretentiontime(HRT)forthiskindofconstructedwetlandshouldbedeterminedto4days.Inaddition,theexperimentshowedthepurificationefficiencyofnitrogenhasverybroadrangeanddrasticvibration,TN(17%-79%),NO2-N(33%-98%),NO3-N(13%-93%),NH4-N(28%-64%).Thestudywillpromotewetland'sdesignandoperationproceduresinlargesaline-alkalinesoilareas.

简介：WebuildaZeemanslowerwithconsecutivecoilsanduseittoloadanYbmagneto-opticaltrap(MOTs).CoolingefficiencyismeasuredbythefluorescenceintensityoftheatomiccloudtrappedbytheMOT.Anoptimizedmagneticfieldprofilecanacquirethemaximumcoolingefficiency,correspondingtoagoodcompromisebetweenthesmallermagneticfieldmismatchandthehighcapturevelocity.OurstudiesprovideusefulinformationonhowtheperformanceoftheZeemanslowercanbeimproved.

简介：Topretreatspermatvarioustemperaturesbeforeexposuretohumanpapillomavirus(HPV)16DNAfragmentsandtoassesstheefficiencyofHPVcarrierspermtotransfectcumuluscells.Methods:Cumuluscellsfromfollicularaspirateswereobtained,pooledanddividedintoculturedishescontainingSybyGold-stainedHPVDNAcarryingspernthatwereeitherpretreatedat4℃,37℃or40℃(n=5).Thecellswereincubatedin5%Co2inairmixtureat37℃for24hours.TheeffeiciencyofspermtotakeupfluorescentHPVDNAwasdeterminedathour0.Afterincubation.cumuluscellviabilitywasassessedusingtheeosinmethodandthepercentagesoffluorescentcumuluscellsdetermined.Results:Ouverhalfofallthecumuluscellsbecamefluorescentwiththehighestpercentageinthe37℃group.Spermpretreatedat4℃hadthegreatestamountofHPVDNAfragments.Totalspernmotilitywassimilarforthe3pretreatmentgroups.Therewerenodifferencesincumulusviabilityamongthegroups.Conclusion:Spermpretreatedat37℃transferredthegreatestamountoffluorescentHPVDNAfragmentstothecumuluscells.TheHPVDNAwasobservedinthenuclearandcytoplasmiccompartments.ThedatasuggestedthepossibilityofspermasavectorforthetransmissionofHPVDNAtothecumuluscellssurroundingovulatedoocytes,whichmightleadtoearlyimplantationfailures.

简介：Somepropertiesofconvexconesareobtainedandareusedtoderiveseveralequivalentconditionsaswellasanotherimportantpropertyfornearlycone-subconvexlikeset-valuedfunctions.Undertheassumptionsofnearlycone-subconvexlikeness,aLagrangianmultipliertheoremonBensonproperefficiencyispresented.Relatedresultsaregeneralized.

简介：Acommonfeatureofpreviousstudiesabouttheapplicationofdataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)todetermineenvironmentalandeconomicefficienciesisthatthetwowereanalyzedinseparatemodelsorframeworks.Thepurposeofthispaperistoanalyzetheeconomicefficiencyandenvironmentalefficiencywithasinglemodel.ThispaperproposesanintegratedDEAmodel,basedonamodificationofthedirectionaldistancefunction,whichallowsustodecomposetheeco-efficiency(EE)intotheeconomicefficiency(ECE)andenvironmentalefficiency(ENE).TheECEcharacterizestheabilityofgainingeconomicbenefitswhiletheENEcharacterizestheabilitytocontrolpollutantemissionsinproductionactivities.IdentificationofECEandENEcanhelpdecisionmakersofdifferentregionsdetectwhatkindoffactor(economicinefficiencyorenvironmentalinefficiency)isthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.ThiscanhelpdecisionmakersmoretargetedtoimproveEE.Toillustratethefeasibilityofourapproach,acasestudyof30regionsinChinaispresented.Theempiricalresultsshowthatalmostallregionshaveveryhigheconomicefficiencies.Theenvironmentalinefficiencyisthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.Thedifferencesofenvironmentalefficienciesleadtothedifferencesofeco-efficienciesintheeast,centralandwestareas,whiletheeconomicefficienciesdonothavesignificantdifferencesamongtheseareas.Theeconomicefficienciesshowedanopposite'V'shapeandtheenvironmentalefficienciesshowedadecreasingtrendduringtheperiod2010–2014.

简介：服务器的差的精力比例为现代数据中心的低精力效率被看作主要来源。我们发现一个应用程序的不同资源配置导致类似的性能，但是有不同精力消费。当表演等价物资源配置(PERC)，和它的性能范围被称为相等的区域，我们叫这现象(嗯)。基于PERC，为改进精力效率的一个基本想法是为每应用从PERC选择最有效的配置。然而，当几千个应用程序在围住资源的服务器上同时被运行时，获得最佳的答案不能支持每个应用程序。这里，我们建议一个启发式的计划，CPicker，基于基因编程到改进服务者的精力效率。加快集中，CPicker由首先从有高精力的区域选择配置初始化一张高质量的人口变化。试验CPicker与神谕盒子相比与贪婪途径，和不到4%效率损失相比在17%精力效率改进上面获得的表演。

简介：Eco-efficiencyisavaluabletoolformanagingandsolvingissuesinvolvingresourceconsumptionandpollutionemissionincurrentproductionprocesses.Despitethepopularityoftheterm"eeo-efficiency"inbusiness,limitedattentionhasbeenpaidtomeasuringandreportingregionaleco-efficiencyforlocalgovernmentpolicymakers.Basedontheconceptandmethodofeco-efficiency,anindicatorsystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisestablishedinthisstudy.Theindicatorsystemcomprises22indicators,whicharedividedintothreecategoriesincludingsocio-economicdevelopment,resourcesconsumption,environmentalpressure.Asapromisingstatisticaltechnique,principlecomponentanalysisisusedtosettheweightofindicatorswhichattemptstocalculatetheeco-efficiencyindicesofQingdao'sChengyangDistrict.Theresultsshowthattheeco-efficiencyofChengyangDistricthasclearlyimproved35.1%withsmallfluctuationfrom1995to2003.Socio-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexalsorepresentobviousincreasingtrends.Thecorrelationcoefficientbetweensoci-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexis0.979,whichmeansthesocialprogressandeconomicgrowthofChengyangDistrictdependonanextravagantconsumptionofresources.Theenvironmentalpressureindexincreasedslowlybefore1997anddeclinedgraduallyafter1997,duetomoreattentionbeingpaidtoenvironmentalprotectionbylocalgovernmentinrecentyears.ChengyangDistrictstillkeepsthetraditionaleconomicdevelopmentmodewithahighconsumptionandhighproduction,sotheemphasesoffuturedevelopmentshouldputonimprovingtheimprovingtheefficientuseofnaturalresourcesandpromotingenvironmentalmanagementsustainability.Theresultsshowthattheindicatorssystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisapromisingmethodtoquantitativelyevaluateresourcesandenvironmentalefficiencyandprovideaneffectivedecision-makingsupportforlocalgovernments.

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简介：Constrainedgroovepressing(CGP)isanewsevereplasticdeformationmethodsuitableforproducingultra-finegrainedsheetmetals.Inthiswork,theprocessingefficiencyforamuti-passCGPofpurecopperwasinvestigated.Witharelativelysmallgroovewidthof2mmandtightconstraint,asharpvariationofmechanicalpropertieswithpassnumberisobserved.Subgrainswiththesizeof*0.5lmhavedistinctboundaries,whichisthepredominantfeatureinthemicrostructureafterthreepasses.Theevolutionofdeformationhomogeneitycharacterizedbymicro-hardnessdistributionwasexaminedindetail.Observationsofopticalmicrographsandfracturesurfacemorphologyconfirmtheevolutionrule.Therelationbetweenelectricalresistivityandaccumulativeplasticstrainwasdiscussed.Crystallinedefects,micro-cracks,andmicrostructureuniformitytogetherdeterminethechangeofelectricalresistivityofCGPcopper.