简介:Consideringtheclass(n,m)oforderedtreeswithmleavesandn-minternalnodes,asetofgeneratingfunctionsareestablishedforthefollowingproblems:(1)thetotalnumbernodeswithdegreeroverΓ(n,m),(2)thetotalpathlengthofnodesoverΓ(n,m),and(3)thetotalnumberofnodesoverΓ(n,m)onlevelk.Someparticularcountingfomulasarederivedfromthem.
简介:(VNE)虚拟网络嵌入是网络虚拟化的必要部分,它为未来网络被看作最有希望的方法之一。它的主要对象是高效地分配一个虚拟网络(VN)的节点和到一个分享的底层网络(SN)的连接。NP难、退出的研究提出了几个启发式的算法。然而,大多数算法仅仅考虑节点的本地资源,例如中央处理器和带宽(BW),到决定嵌入,并且忽略网络属性的重要影响。基于全部网络的属性,在每个节点之间的连接的一个模型被提出测量节点,和一个新二阶段的嵌入算法评价的资源被建议。此后,印射的节点和印射的连接能联合被考虑。当减少运行时刻时,广泛的模拟证明建议算法由增加VN请求的收入/费用比率和接受比率改进VNE的性能。
简介:AbstractBackground:Pathological complete response (pCR) of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) is frequently achieved in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and ALN status is an important prognostic factor for breast cancer patients. This study aims to develop a new predictive clinical model to assess the ALN pCR rate after NAC.Methods:This was a retrospective series of 467 patients who had biopsy-proven positive ALNs at diagnosis and underwent ALN dissection from 2007 to 2014 at the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of the patients and developed a nomogram to predict the probability of ALN pCR. A multivariable logistic regression stepwise model was used to construct a nomogram to predict ALN pCR in node-positive patients. The adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to quantify the ability to rank patients by risk. Internal validation was performed using the 50/50 hold-out validation method. The nomogram was externally validated with prospective cohorts of 167 patients from 2016 to 2018 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and 114 patients from 2018 to 2020 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Results:In this retrospective study, 115 (24.6%) patients achieved ALN pCR after NAC. Multivariate analysis showed that clinical tumor stage (Odds ratio [OR]: 0.321, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.121-0.856; P = 0.023); primary tumor response (OR: 0.189; 95% CI: 0.123-0.292; P < 0.001), and estrogen receptor status (OR: 0.530, 95% CI: 0.304-0.925; P = 0.025) were independent predictors of ALN pCR. The nomogram was constructed based on the result of multivariate analysis. In the internal validation of performance of nomogram, the AUCs for the training and test sets were 0.719 and 0.753, respectively. The nomogram was validated in external cohorts with AUCs of 0.720, which demonstrated good discriminatory power in these data sets.Conclusion:We developed a nomogram to predict the likelihood of axillary pCR in node-positive breast cancer patients after NAC. The predictive model performed well in multicenter prospective external validation. This practical tool could provide information to surgeons regarding whether to perform additional ALN dissection after NAC.Trial registration:ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR1800014968.
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简介:WiththedevelopmentofCMOSandMEMStechnologies,theimplementationofalargenumberofwirelessdistributedmicro-sensorsthatcanbeeasilyandrapidlydeployedtoformhighlyredundant,self-configuring,andadhocsensornetworks.Tofacilitateeaseofdeployment,thesesensorsoperateonbatteryforextendedperiodsoftime.Aparticularchallengeinmaintainingextendedbatterylifetimeliesinachievingcommunicationswithlowpower.Forbetterunderstandingofthedesigntradeoffsofwirelesssensornetwork(WSN),amoreaccurateenergymodelforwirelesssensornodeisproposed,andanoptimaldesignmethodofenergyeffcientwirelesssensornodeisdescribedaswell.DifferentfrompowermodelsevershownwhichassumethepowercostofeachcomponentinWSNnodeisconstant,thenewonetakesintoaccounttheenergydissipationofcircuitsinpracticalphysicallayer.Itshowsthattherearesomeparameters,suchasdatarate,carrierfrequency,bandwidth,Tsw,etc,whichhaveasignificanteffectontheWSNnodeenergyconsumptionperusefulbit(EPUB).Foragivenqualityspecification,howenergyconsumptioncanbereducedbyadjustingoneormoreoftheseparametersisshown.
简介:Currentresearchesonnodeimportanceevaluationmainlyfocusonundirectedandunweightednetworks,whichfailtoreflecttherealworldinacomprehensiveandobjectiveway.Basedondirectedweightedcomplexnetworkmodels,thepaperintroducestheconceptofin-weightintensityofnodesandtherebypresentsanewmethodtoidentifykeynodesbyusinganimportanceevaluationmatrix.Themethodnotonlyconsidersthedirectionandweightofedges,butalsotakesintoaccountthepositionimportanceofnodesandtheimportancecontributionsofadjacentnodes.Finally,thepaperappliesthealgorithmtoamicroblog-forwardingnetworkcomposedof34users,thencomparestheevaluationresultswithtraditionalmethods.Theexperimentshowsthatthemethodproposedcaneffectivelyevaluatethenodeimportanceindirectedweightednetworks.
简介:Inthispaperweproposedanovelexactfixed-nodequantumMonteCarlo(EFNQMC)algorithm,whichisaself-optimizingandself-improvingprocedure,IncontrasttothepreviousEFNQMCmethod,thetrialfunctionisoptimizedsynchronisticallyinthediffusionprocedure,butnotbeforethebeginningofEFNQMCcomputation.Inordertooptimizethetrialfunction,theimprovedsteepestdescenttechniqueisused,inwhichthestepsizeisautomaticallyadjustable.Theprocedureisquasi-Newtonandconvergessuperlinearly.Wealsouseanoveltrialfunction,whichhascorrectelectron-electronandelectron-nucleuscuspconditions.ThenovelEFNQMCalgorithmandthenoveltrialfunctionareemployedtocalculatetheenergiesof1^1A1stateofCH2,^1AgstateofC8andtheground-statesofH2,LiH,Li2,H2O,respectively.Thetestresultsshowthatboththenovelalgorithmandthetrialfunctionproposedinthepresentpaperareveryexcellent.
简介:Vehicularnodepositioningneedstobequickandpreciseonhighwayforsafetyconsidera-tion.Inthispaper,wepresentanovelandpracticalvehicularnodepositioningmethodwhichcanachieveahigheraccuracyandmorereliabilitythantheexistingglobal-positioning-system-basedpo-sitioningsolutionsbymakinguseofDoppler-shiftedfrequencymeasurementstakenbyvehicularnodeitself.Thispositioningmethodusesinfrastructurenodeswhichareplacedontheroadsideeveryseveralkilometersasradiationsourcestoestimatetherelativedistancesofvehicletotheinfrastructurenode.Throughcoordinateconversion,wegettheabsolutecoordinatesofvehicularnodebasedonknownabsolutecoordinatesofinfrastructurenode.Wealsoanalyzetheoptimaldistanceofneighborinfra-structurenodesinordertoensureahighaccuracy.Inaddition,simulationresultsdemonstratethattheaccuracyofourmethodwithExtendedKalmanFiltering(EKF)issuperiortothemethodwithoutEKF.
简介:在无线传感器网络安排的精力效率睡觉是最关键的技术之一。在这份报纸,我们建议睡觉并且为无线传感器联网的小规模弄醒机制的一个简单、可行的同步节点。传感器节点被划分成提交节点和听的节点。从协调人的烽火框架包含睡觉命令能经由提交节点被提交给听的节点。在网络的所有节点能进入睡觉在大约一样的时间。通过如此的网络同步机制,我们能认识到同步睡觉并且全部网络醒来。而且,一个新力量控制计划基于在中等存取控制(MAC)的路由协议(PCBRP),层被建议。它在路由协议的帮助下操作并且根据在邻居节点之间的距离计算最佳的传播力量。包括最佳的传播力量和节点地址的一张印射的桌子在线路大楼过程期间被建立。传播力量能被在随后的数据传播与下跳跃邻居的地址寻找表格获得。建议机制在传感器节点被实现并且在一个试验台被评估。分析和评估基于试验性的结果证实建议节省精力的机制可行、有效。
简介:AIMTocomparesurvivalandrecurrenceinhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC)patientswhodidordidnotreceiveadjuvanttransarterialchemoembolization(TACE).METHODS:Aconsecutivesampleof229patientswhounderwentcurativeresectionbetweenMarch2007andMarch2010inourhospitalwasincluded.Ofthese229patients,91(39.7%)underwentcurativeresectionfollowedbyadjuvantTACEand138(60.3%)underwentcurativeresectionalone.Inordertominimizeconfoundsduetobaselinedifferencesbetweenthetwopatientgroups,comparisonswereconductedbetweenpropensityscore-matchedpatients.SurvivaldataandrecurrencerateswerecomparedusingtheKaplan-Meiermethod.IndependentpredictorsofoverallsurvivalandrecurrencewereidentifiedusingCoxproportionalhazardregression.RESULTS:Among61pairsofpropensityscorematchedpatients,the1-,2-,and3-yearoverallsurvivalrateswere95.1%,86.7%,and76.4%intheTACEgroupand86.9%,78.5%,and73.2%inthecontrolgroup,respectively.Atthesametime,theTACEandcontrolgroupsalsoshowedsimilarrecurrenceratesat1year(13.4%vs24.8%),2years(30.6%vs32.1%),and3years(40.1%vs34.0%).MultivariateCoxregressionidentifiedserumalpha-fetoproteinlevel≥400ng/mLandtumorsize〉5cmasindependentriskfactorsofmortality(P〈0.05).CONCLUSION:AspostoperativeadjuvantTACEdoesnotimproveoverallsurvivalorreducerecurrenceinHCCpatients,furtherstudyisneededtoclarifyitsclinicalbenefit.
简介:瞄准:检验矩阵metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)在胃的癌症纸巾并且到的表示与淋巴节点评估它的关系微转移。方法:作者从30学习了850淋巴结resected与淋巴腺切除术经历了胃切除术用的有胃的癌的病人颠倒抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)试金除了他染色。肿瘤纸巾的MMP-2表示被免疫检测组织化学的技术(EliVision加)。结果:MMP-2表示在21是积极的(70%)在9的盒子和negative(30%)盒子。没有重要关联在象年龄,性,肿瘤地点,肿瘤直径,Lauren分类和淋巴的侵略那样的MMP-2表示和另外的变量之间被发现。相反,MMP-2表示与肿瘤渗入的深度显著地相关(P=0.022),淋巴节点转移(P=0.030)并且肿瘤区别(P=0.043)。淋巴节点微转移在77被检测(12.5%)14的淋巴节点(46.7%)胃的癌病人。MMP-2表示在12是积极的(85.7%)有淋巴节点的14个病人微转移,并且在9(56.3%)没有淋巴节点的16个病人微转移(P=0.118)。结论:我们的结果证明那MMP-2表情与肿瘤侵略,肿瘤区别和淋巴节点转移有重要关联。MMP-2表示可以是一个重要生物特征和胃的癌的重要预示的参数。我们也断定MMP-2可以参予淋巴节点的发展胃的癌的微转移。进一步的调查被需要得出一个结论。