简介：底层的wettability和粗糙在无柄的微滴的蒸发对接触角度和三阶段的接触线的进化关键。在这份报纸，由在nanoscale为微滴蒸发执行分子的动力学模拟，我们证明wettability比粗糙更重要。为光滑的底层，nanodroplet的蒸发行为在宏观的规模类似于那。这类似也在不平的吸水的底层的情况中被观察。为不平的恐水病的底层，然而，卡住的经常的接触角度和接触线在蒸发期间接着出现。这建议恐水病的底层的粗糙为蒸发技术在是有用的在nanoscale自己组装。

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简介：Amethodhasbeendevisedtoanalyzemultilayerelectricallythickcircularmi-crostripantennaexcitedbyaprobe.Thecurrentontheprobeistakentobeuniform.Thismethodwasverifiedbyanalysisandexperimentofanelectricallythickcircularmicrostripan-tennawithanairgap.BasedonthefreespaceelectricdyadicGreen’sfunction,thefieldexpressionofanhorizontalelectricdipole(HED),whichislocatedatanypointofthemultilayermediaandpointsinanydirection,hasbeenderived.ByusingthisfieldexpressionandtheRichmondre-actionequation,anintegralequationintermsofelectriccurrentonthepatchisformulated.Byproperlychoosingcurrentexpansionmodes,thismethodcanbeusedforanelectricallythickmi-crostripantenna.Thetheoreticalresultsagreeverywellwithexperimentaldataforanelectricallythickcircularmicrostripantennawithanairgap.

简介：ThepurecubicGaN(c-GaN)hasbeengrownon(001)GaAssubstratesbyECR-PAMOCVDtechniqueatlowtemperatureusingTMGaandhighpureN2asGaandNsources,respectively.TheeffectsofsubstratepretreatmentconditionsonqualityofcubicGaNepilayerareinvestigatedbythemeasurementsofTEMandXRD.Itisfoundthathydrogenplasmacleaning,nitridationandbufferlayergrowthareveryimportantforqualityofcubicGaNepilayer.

简介：Moleculardynamics(MD)simulationsareperformedtostudyadhesionandpeelingofashortfragmentofsinglestrandDNA(ssDNA)moleculefromagraphitesurface.Thecriticalpeel-offforceisfoundtodependonboththepeelingangleandtheelasticityofssDNA.FortheshortssDNAstrandunderinvestigation,weshowthatthesimulationresultscanbeexplainedbyacontinuummodelofanadhesiveelasticbandonsubstrate.Theanalysissuggeststhatitisoftenthepeakvalue,ratherthanthemeanvalue,ofadhesionenergywhichdeterminesthepeelingofananoscalematerial.

简介：TheheterogeneousnucleationbehaviorsofNH4ClcrystalonroughaluminumsubstratesurfaceimmergedinNH4Cl-H2Osolutionwereexperimentallyanalyzed,andtheinfluencemechanismofthemicro/nano-scalesurfacestructuresonheterogeneousnucleationwasinvestigated.Ithasbeenshownthatwettabilityandnucleationareaffectedbysubstratesurfacecondition.Theintrinsicwettingpropertiesbetweennucleusandsubstratesurface,andthesurfacestructureofcertaingeometricalscales,bothimposeeffectsontheheterogeneousnucleationproperties.Foranucleus-wettingsubstratesurface,heterogeneousnucleationispromotedbyahighercomplexityofthesurfacemorphology;butforanucleus-nonwettingsubstratesurface,heterogeneousnucleationisinhibitedbyahighercomplexityofthesurfacemorphology.

简介：TheheterogeneousnucleationbehaviorsofNH4ClcrystalonaroughchillingsurfaceofaluminumimmergedinNH4Cl-H2Osolutionwereexperimentallyanalyzedandtherelationshipbetweenthesurfaceroughnessandthenucleationsiteselectionbehaviorsonpolishedaluminumsubstratewasinvestigated,anditwasdiscoveredthatthenumberofnucleationsitesdecreasessignificantlywithdecreasingtheroughnessofthepolishedsubstrate.Furthernucleationexperimentswerecarriedoutonchemicallyetchedaluminumsubstratewithregularmicro-morphologyonitssurface.Ithasbeenshownthatboththemicro-morphologyandthewettabilityvarywiththesubstratesurfacepreparedbydifferentetchingprocess.Thepreparedsurfacewithstep-likestructureshasastrongwettabilitywithNH4Cl-70wt%H2OsolutionandthenucleationdensityofNH4Clontheitssurfacesissignificantlyhigherthanthatofthereferencesurfaces,whichshowsthatthegeometricalmorphologyfeatureshaveimportanteffectsonboththewettabilityandthenucleationbehaviors.

简介：Electronicsystemswithlargestretchabilityhavemanyapplications.Apreciselycontrolledbucklingstrategytoincreasethestretchabilityhasbeendemonstratedbycombininglithographicallypatternedsurfacebondingchemistryandabucklingprocess.Thebuckledgeometrywasassumedtohaveasinusoidalform,whichmayresultinerrorstodeterminethestrainsinthefilm.Atheoreticalmodelispresentedinthislettertostudythemechanicsofthistypeofthinfilm/substratesystembydiscardingtheass...

简介：最近的数字模拟显示了在cellsubstrate粘附期间聚类的integrin能被在房间膜和底层之间的排斥的层的存在驾驶(Paszek等，PLoSComputBiol5:12，2009)。这里我们在场在integrins之间的吸引力被膜和排斥的层的远程的有弹性的变丑在调停的这现象的一个简单力学模型。我们由采用在一个有弹性的基础上休息的一个无穷地扩大的盘子的小变丑理论获得分析答案到这个问题。

简介：构造沼泽地(CW)是包括沼泽地植被，土壤，和他们在对待废水帮助的联系微生物引起的集合利用自然系统的设计系统。由象强风炉子炉渣(BFS)那样的CW底层材料的铵氮(NH+4-N)的运动吸附，沸石，ceramsite，蛭石，石子，稻土壤，红土壤，和草地，用批实验和运动吸附等温线被调查。Freundlich和Lang-muir等温线能足够地预言NH+4-N吸附过程。NH+4-N的最大的吸附能力，从兰米尔等温线估计了，是评价：沸石(33333.33mgkg1)>草地(29274.01mgkg1)>BFS(5000mgkg1)>蛭石(3333.33mgkg1)>石子(769.23mgkg1)>稻土壤(588.24mgkg1)>红土壤(555.56mgkg1)>ceramsite(107.53mgkg1)。底层材料的一些性质包括体积密度，比重，水力的电导率，一致性系数(K60)，弯曲系数(Cc)，有机物，pH，可交换(或活跃)Cu，Fe，Zn和Mn，全部的Cu，和Fe，Mn，Zn，Cd，Pb和Ca，与NH+4-N的有的否定关联吸附。底层材料的另外的性质喜欢D10，D30和D60(分别地，10%，30%和60%基于积聚的频率粒子在通过筛的底层材料的粒子尺寸的直径)的粒子直径价值，阳离子交换能力(CEC)，可交换(或活跃)Ca和Mg，和全部的K和Mg与NH+4-N有积极关联吸附。另外，象全部的Na一样的活跃K和Na与NH+4-N吸附有重要积极关联。这个信息将为为CW的合适的底层材料的选择是有用的。

简介：Tostudythemechanicalpropertiesofthefilm/substratestructure,thefiniteelementcodeABAQUSv6.9-1isadoptedtosimulatethetensilemechanicalbehaviorofthenanoscalethinfilmbondedtoasubstrate.Thebifurcationphenomenonofthestructureunderuniaxialtensionisfound:thesingle-neckdeformation,themultiple-neckdeformationandtheuniformdeformation.Thesubstrateandthefilmareregardedaspower-hardeningmaterialsobeyingtheJ2deformationtheory.Firstly,theinfluenceofmaterialhardeningmatchontensilebifurcationmodeisanalyzedunderperfectlywell-bondedinterfacecondition.Then,theeffectsofinterfacialstiffnessandothersuperficialdefectssurroundingtheimperfectiononbifurcationmodeareinvestigated.Itisconcludedthatunderthewell-bondedinterfacecondition,ifthestressofthesubstrateislargerthanthefilm,thefilmwilluniformlydeformwiththesubstrate;ifthestressofthesubstrateissmallerthanthefilm,thefilmwillformasingleneck,exceptthecasethataweakly-hardeningfilmisbondedtoasteeply-hardeningsubstratewhenmultipleneckscanbeformed.Withthedecreaseofinterfacialstiffness,theuniformdeformationmodecantransformintothemultiple-neckdeformationmode,andfurthertransformintothesingle-neckdeformationmode.Andotherdefectssurroundingtheimperfectioncaninfluencethewavelengthofdeformationandnecknumber.

简介：Themicro-characteristicsofthestreakymarksandthecorrespondingsubstratesurfaceofgalvannealed(GA)steelsheetshavebeeninvestigatedusingSEMandFIB.Thestreakymarkareaseemstohavemanycavities,similartocraters,whichscatterlightandmakethesurfaceappeardarkerwhencomparedwiththesurroundingnormalarea.Moreover,itisfoundthattheirregularityordifferenceinsteelgrainsizetendstoaffectthesurfacequalityoftheGAsteelsheets.Duringalloying,thediffusionspeedofZn-Feonthegrainboundaryisfasterthanthatatthecenterofthegrain,whichresultsintheselectiveformationofcrater-likemorphologyinthecoatingareawithlargersteelgrains.DuetothecleargrainboundaryofIFsteel,apparentstreakymarkswillbeformedonthecoatin,iftheIFsteelsurfaceconsistsofrainsofirreularsize.

简介：Thinfilm/substratematerialsystemshavebeenwidelyusedinvariousindustriessuchasaerospace,automotive,marineandelectronics.Oneexampleisthermalbarriercoatings(TBCs):TBCsareextensivelyappliedtometalliccomponentsongasturbineenginesinordertoprotectthemfromhighandprolongedheatloads,andtheyplayanessentialroleintheaircraftindustry.Anotherexampleislaminatedpolymermatrixcomposites(PMCs),reinforcedwithfiberssuchascarbon,glassoraramid:Thesematerialshavebeenextensivelyemployedinavarietyofapplicationsduetotheirsuperiorpropertiesandtheimprovingeaseandcost-effectivenessoffabricatingthem.Theevaluationofmechanicalpropertiesforthinfilm/substratematerialsystemsisimperativeformoreefficientuseofthesematerialsystemsandfurtherimprovements.

简介：Thisarticle,bycomparingthebasicconceptsofsubstrateandsoil,theircompositionofsubstanceandmethodsofmeasuringtheindexesofphysicalandchemicalproperties,analyzesandresearcheswaysofchoosingsubstrateforcultivationwithfacilities.Itindicatesthatthenormalphysicalandchemicalindexesofevaluatingasubstratearebulkdensity,totalporosity,non-capillaryporosity,ratioofbigporositytosmallporosity,thepHandtheelectricalconductivity(EC)valueofthesubstrate.By...

简介：Wehaveinvestigatedthephysicalproperties,includingthemorphology,texture,adhesionandchemicalquality,ofhigh-frequencychemicalvapourdepositeddiamondcoatingsonWC-6%Cosubstrates,whichwerepre-treatedbyatwo-stepetchingmethod.TheresultsindicatethattheincreasingCocontentfrom0.12to3.05%withintheetchingdepthof5μmcausedamorphologytransformationfromprismdiamondtospheruliticdiamond,andatexturetransformationfroma{111}orientationtoa{110}orientation.TheRamanspectrumshowsthatthespheruliticdiamondfilmcontainsmorenon-diamondphases(graphite,amorphouscarbonanddiamond-likecarbon,etc)andhaslowerchemicalqualitythandiamondfilmsonaWC-6%Cosubstrate.Thediamondcoatinggrainsizesbecameaboutfourtimessmallerwhenthedepositiontemperaturesonthesubstratesurfacewerereducedfrom1000to900℃.Comparedwithspheruliticdiamondfilms,theprismdiamondfilmsexhibitbetteradhesionontheWC-6%Cosubstrate.

简介：Geepilayersofdifferentthicknessesaregrownbymolecular-beamepitaxywithSbasasurfactantonSI(100)substrates,X-raydiffractionillustratesthattheseGethinfilmsarepartiallystrained.andthestrainsdecreasegraduallywithincreasingepilayerthickness,RamanspectrarevealadownwardshiftoftheGe-Gemodepeakastheepilayerthicknessincreases.Intheregionsofhighstrain,therelationshipbetweentheRamanshiftofthismodeandthestraininthepartiallyrelaxedsamplesisconsiderablydifferentfromthelinearrelationshipreportedbefore,whichismainlyattributedtothespatialconfinementeffectofphononsinananocrystal.

简介：Thisstudyconcernsatwo-dimensionalmodelandthecorrespondingvirtualcrackclosuretechnique(VCCT)implementedtosolvethegeneralboundaryvalueproblemsthatmayexplainwhyinterfacediscontinuityhaseffectsonthefracturebehaviorinthesuperconductor-substratesystem.Theinterfacialdiscontinuitycanbeclassifiedaccordingtothematerialproperties'continuityandtheirderivatives'continuityattheinterface.Fornonhomogeneoussuperconductorandsubstratespecimenswithvariousmaterialproperties,aVCCTmethodisdevelopedtocalculatetheirfracturebehavior.Furthermore,theeffectsofappliedmagneticfieldamplitudeandnonhomogeneousparametersareextensivelyandparametricallystudiedintwoactivationprocesses(zero-fieldcoolingandfieldcooling).Theintegrativeandcomputationalstudypresentedhereprovideafundamentalmechanisticunderstandingofthefracturemechanisminthesuperconductor-substratesystemandshedslightontherationaldesignofinterfacialcontinuity.

简介：Tetrahedralamorphoushydrogenatedcarbon(ta-C:H)filmsonSi(lO0)substrateswerepreparedbyusingamagnetic-field-filterplasmastreamdepositionsystem.Sampleswithdifferentratiosofsp^3-bondtosp^2-bondwereobtainedbychangingthebiasvoltageappliedtothesubstrates.Theellipsometricspectraofvariouscarbonfilmsinthephotonenergyrangeof1.9-5.4eVweremeasured.Therefractiveindexnandtherelativesp^3CratioofthesefilmswereobtainedbysimulatingtheirellipsometricspectrausingtheForouhi-BloomermodelandbyusingtheBruggemaneffectivemediumapproximation,respectively.Thehaemocompatibilityoftheseta-C:Hfilmswasanalysedbyobservationofplateletadhesionandmeasurementofkineticclottingtime.Theresultsshowthatthesp^3Cfractionisdependentonthesubstratebiasvoltage,andthehaemocompatibilityisdependentontheratioofsp^3-bondtosp^2-bond.Agoodhaemocompatibilitymaterialofta-C:Hfilmswithasuitablesp^3Cfractioncanbepreparedbychangingthesubstratebiasvoltage.

简介：Anewmethodforthedeterminationoftracecalciumbysolidsubstrate-roomtemperaturephosphorimetryisestablished.ItisbasedonthefactthatchromeazurolsazurolS-phenanthroline-NaCMC(CAS-phen-NaCMC)systemcanemitstrongandstableroomtemperaturephosphorescence(RTF)onthesolidsubstrateinthefilterpaper.Ca2+andphenanthrolinecanformcomplexionCa(phen)32+,whichwillformcomplex[Ca(phen)3(CAS)2]withCAS.Intheresult,thenumberofCASmoleculesineachspotincreased,causingsharpincreaseoftheRTPsignaloftheCAS-phen-NaCMCsystem.